Cyperus virens |
Cyperus refractus |
|
---|---|---|
green flatsedge |
reflexed flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose; rhizomes 0.5–2 cm, often absent. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, with inconspicuous, short rhizomes scarcely visible between culm bases. |
Culms | trigonous, (20–)60–70(–100) cm × 2.4–6.9 mm, scabrid on angles. |
basally cormlike, trigonous, 30–100 cm × 2–4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | 4–12, flat to V-shaped, with readily visible cross ribs especially on abaxial surface, 20–50 cm × 3–14 mm. |
V-shaped to flat, 20–70 cm × 3–8 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
Inflorescences | heads digitate to hemispheric, 1–3.5 cm diam.; rays 6–12, 1–9(–14) cm; 2d order rays often present, (0.5–)1–3 cm; 3d order rays occasionally present, 5–12 mm; bracts 4–8, horizontal to ascending at 30°, with prominent cross ribs,V-shaped, (1.5–)3–50(–75) cm × 0.5–13 mm; 2d order bracts 3–10 × 1–2 mm. |
spikes loose, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, 4–7 × 2–6 cm; rays 6–13(–16), 4–25 cm, glabrous; rachis 1.5–3 cm; bracts 3–6, horizontal to ascending at 30°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2.5–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.4–0.5 mm wide. |
Spikelets | 10–40(–50), oblong to linear-lanceoloid, 5–18 × 2–3.2 mm; floral scales 10–40, pale grayish brown, or greenish, proximally greenish or brownish, oblanceolate, 2-keeled, weakly to distinctly 1-ribbed, proximal half 2-ribbed, (1.3–)1.5–2(–2.4) × 0.9–1.4 mm, apex acute (sometimes mucronulate), apically glabrous, occasionally scabridulous. |
(13–)20–60(–74), linear, ± terete, (11–)13–25(–28) × 1.2–1.5 mm; distal spikelets spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, (2–)3–6, stramineous, red-purple striate, laterally 3–5-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–5.3 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 1–2; anthers 0.8–1.4 mm; styles 0.8–1 mm; stigmas 0.6–0.8 mm. |
anthers 1–1.5 mm; styles 1.5 mm; stigmas 1.5 mm. |
Achenes | brown, slightly to distinctly stipitate, ellipsoid (2.7–4.1 times as long as wide), (0.9–)1.2–1.5 × 0.3–0.4 mm, apical beak 0.1–0.5 mm, surfaces glabrous. |
brown to purplish brown, oblong-linear (5–6 times long as wide), 2.6–3 × 0.5–0.6 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus virens |
Cyperus refractus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting spring–fall. | Fruiting summer (Jul–Aug). |
Habitat | Wet pastures, marshes, roadside ditches | Sandy riverbanks, gravelly roadsides, pastures, disturbed places |
Elevation | 20–300 m (100–1000 ft) | |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America
|
AL; AR; DC; GA; MD; MO; NC; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV |
Discussion | Cyperus virens was found as waif in California in the 1800s (M. F. Denton 1978b; G. C. Tucker 1993b). Cyperus virens is readily distinguished from other species of subg. Pycnostachys by its trigonous culms, scabrid angles, and leaves and inflorescence bracts conspicuously septate by numerous cross ribs between the main ribs. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus refractus is often mistaken for C. strigosus, which has shorter anthers (0.4–0.5 mm) and spreading, ± deciduous floral scales. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 153. | FNA vol. 23, p. 182. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Michaux: Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 28. (1803) | Engelmann ex Boeckeler: Linnaea 36: 369. 1870, based on Cyperus refrofractus Engelmann ex Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 47. 1855, not (Linnaeus) Torrey (1848) |
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