Cyperus thyrsiflorus |
Cyperus hystricinus |
|
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southern flatsedge |
bristly flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, with well-developed rhizomes. |
Culms | trigonous, (15–) 20–40(–65) cm × 0.5–1 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, 30–100 cm × 2–4 mm, basally cormlike, glabrous. |
Leaves | V-shaped, (10–)20–40 cm × 0.8–2.8(–3) mm, glabrous. |
flat to broadly V-shaped, 20–70 cm × 4–6 mm, glabrous except for marginal prickles. |
Inflorescences | spike 1, densely oblong-cylindric, (15–)25–35(–40) × 12–18(–22) mm, (spikelets loosely spaced, 7–9 per 5 mm of rachis); rays (5–)6–8(–11), 0.5–4(–7.5) cm; bracts (4–)5–7(–8), ascending at 30º, (4–)10–30(–35) cm × (1–)2–4(–7) mm; rachilla deciduous, wings persistent, 0.4–0.5 mm wide. |
spikes loosely to densely ovoid, oblong (2 times long as wide), 10–12 × 6–9 mm; rays 6–11, 1–16 cm, glabrous; bracts 5–10, ascending at 30–45°, flat, 6–25 cm × 3–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5 mm wide, covering nearly entire length of achene. |
Spikelets | (20–)40–80(–100), linear, ± cylindric, scarcely compressed, (4.5–)6–9(–11) × (0.5–) 0.6–0.7(–1) mm; floral scales persistent, (1–)2–3(–4), appressed, medially green, laterally light brown to tawny or bronze, medially (1–)3-ribbed, laterally 3-ribbed, oblong, (2.6–)2.8–3.2(–3.4) × (1–)1.2(–1.4) mm, apex acute, mucronulate, mucro to 0.1(–0.2) mm. |
(20–)40–100(–120), proximal spikelets reflexed somewhat, distal ones divaricate, ± terete, lanceoloid, 6–6.8 × 1–1.4 mm; floral scales persistent, 1–2(–3), appressed, golden brown, lanceolate, laterally 5–6-ribbed, 3.8–4.9 × 1.4–1.6 mm, apex mucronate, mucro at most 0.3 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.6–0.8 mm; styles (0.4–)0.6–1(–1.2) mm; stigmas persistent on achenes, prominently exserted from floral scales, (1.5–)2–3(–4) mm. |
anthers 1–1.3 mm; styles 0.8–1 mm; stigmas 2–3 mm. |
Achenes | brown to reddish brown, stipitate, narrowly oblong, 1.8–2.1 × (0.4–)0.5(–0.7) mm, stipe 0.1–0.2 × 0.1–0.2 mm, apex apiculate, acute, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, sessile, linear, 2.5–2.8 × 0.5–0.7 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces muriculate. |
Cyperus thyrsiflorus |
Cyperus hystricinus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting late summer–early fall (Jul–Sep). |
Habitat | Dry, open woods | Xeric, sandy soils of sand hills and pine barrens |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; TX; Mexico; South America; West Indies |
AL; AR; DC; DE; GA; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; TX; VA
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Discussion | Cyperus hystricinus resembles C. plukenetii and C. retrofractus; it can be readily distinguished from both by its glabrous culms. Overly mature specimens of C. lancastriensis are frequently misidentified as C. hystricinus; C. hystricinus may be confirmed by its narrow, nearly glabrous leaves and bracts, golden brown spikelets, longer, narrower achenes, and elongated rhizome internodes (to 15 mm vs. 5 mm in 76. C. lancastriensis). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 185. | FNA vol. 23. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. anceps, C. dissitiflorus, C. pallens, C. regiomontanus var. pallens, C. tribrachiatus, Mariscus dissitiflorus, Mariscus pallens, Mariscus tribrachiatus | C. retrofractus var. hystricinus |
Name authority | Junghuhn: Linnaea 6: 24. (1831) | Fernald: Rhodora 8: 127. (1906) |
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