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fourangle flatsedge

Houghton's flatsedge

Habit Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose, rhizomatous.
Culms

trigonous, (20–) 30–80 cm × 1–2.5 mm, glabrous or occasionally with scattered prickles on distal angles.

trigonous, 5–50 cm × 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous.

Leaves

9–11, flat to slightly V-shaped, 25–80 cm × 3.5–10 mm.

V-shaped, 12–30 cm × 1–6 mm.

Inflorescences

spikes (1–)3–6, loosely cylindric or oblong with parallel sides, 1.5–4 cm × 10–17 mm;

rays 6–12, 2–25 cm, glabrous or rarely scabridulous proximal to spikes;

bracts 6–11, ascending at 45°, flat, (1–)10–20(–26) cm × 1–10 mm;

rachilla deciduous, wings persistent, 0.4–0.5 mm wide.

spikes ± globose to broadly ovoid, 8–20 mm wide;

rays 1–8 cm;

rachis 2–5 mm, glabrous;

bracts 3–8, weakly ascending, flat, 3–20 cm × 1–3.5 mm;

rachilla deciduous, wingless.

Spikelets

10–60, narrowly ellipsoid, quadrangular, 5–8 × 1.5–2 mm;

floral scales persistent, (2–)3–7, appressed, clear at maturity, laterally reddish to purplish brown, medially greenish, often erose at maturity, laterally 3–5-ribbed, medially 3-ribbed, ovate-elliptic, 2.5–3.2 × 1.8–2.1 mm, apex obtuse.

3–18, compressed, ovoid to oblong-lanceoloid, 4–15 × 2.6–3.4 mm;

floral scales deciduous, 3–18, laterally stramineous to reddish brown, laterally 3–4-ribbed, broadly ovate, 1.8–2.5 × 1.3–1.6 mm, apex with mucro 0.1–0.2 mm.

Flowers

anthers 0.8–1 mm;

styles 0.3–0.5 mm;

stigmas 2–2.5 mm.

anthers 0.5–0.7 mm;

styles 0.4–0.6 mm;

stigmas 1–1.5 mm.

Achenes

brown to reddish brown, sessile, oblong-ovoid to broadly ellipsoid, slightly dorsiventrally flattened, 1.8–2 × 0.7–0.8 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces papillose to puncticulate.

dark brown, sessile, broadly ellipsoid, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surface glabrous, puncticulate, or papillose.

2n

= 168, 170, 172.

Cyperus tetragonus

Cyperus houghtonii

Phenology Fruiting summer–fall (Jun–Nov). Fruiting summer.
Habitat Open woods, thickets, barrier islands Riverbanks, sand bars, lakeshores, sand dunes, sandy openings in woods, especially among Jack pines
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 0–1100 m (0–3600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AZ; FL; GA; MS; NC; NM
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

The status of Cyperus pringlei from the southwestern United States requires further study.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 189. FNA vol. 23, p. 175.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus
Sibling taxa
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
Synonyms C. pringlei, C. tetragonus var. pringlei, Mariscus tetragonus
Name authority Elliott: Sketch Bot. S. Carolina 1: 71. (1821) Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 277. (1836)
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