Cyperus retroflexus |
Cyperus filicinus |
|
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one-flower flatsedge |
fern flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous, basally tuberous-thickened, (5–)15–40(–80) cm × 1–2.5 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, 5–50 cm × 0.4–2 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | flat to V-shaped, (5–)10–30(–60) cm × (0.5–)1–3(–4) mm. |
flat, 10–30 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Inflorescences | spike 1, loosely to densely ovoid to cylindric, 8–36 × 8–20 mm; rays 3–6(–9), (5–)10–32 cm; bracts 3–6, horizontal to ascending at 30°, V-shaped, (1–)3–15(–30) cm × 0.5–4.5 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings 0.5–0.7 mm wide. |
heads loosely globose, 10–22 mm diam.; rays 0–6, 1–7 cm; bracts 3–6, horizontal to slightly ascending, flat, 3–26 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Spikelets | (5–)20–35(–65), linear to oblong (without narrowed basal portion), quadrangular; (2.2–)4–10(–18) × 0.7–1.1 mm; floral scales persistent, 1–5, appressed, pale greenish white laterally, stramineous with reddish dots, or deep red, greenish or light brown medially, 3–6-ribbed laterally, narrowly ovate to oblong-elliptic, 2.6–3.9 × 1.6–2 mm, apex rounded to ± acute, entire, mucronulate; distal scale with glabrous midrib and mucro 0.1–0.3(–0.5) mm; sterile terminal scale of spikelet only 0.4–0.6 mm wide, involute, frequently uncinate. |
6–20, linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 7–30 × 2–3 mm; floral scales 8–28, stramineous to light reddish brown, laterally ribless, ovate, 2.7–3.6 × 1.6–1.8 mm. |
Flowers | anthers (0.3–)0.4–0.6 mm; styles 0.4–0.5 mm; stigmas 0.5–0.9 mm. |
stamens 2; anthers 0.5 mm, connective apex reddish, subulate, 0.1–0.2 mm; styles 1.9–2.1 mm; stigmas 1–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | light brown to reddish brown, sessile or slightly stipitate, ellipsoid, (1.8–)2–2.4 × 0.6–0.8(–0.9) mm, apex slightly apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, oblong, 1.2–1.6 × 0.6–0.9 mm, base cuneate to ± stipelike, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate. |
Cyperus retroflexus |
Cyperus filicinus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting mid summer–early fall (Jul–Sep). | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Damp, disturbed soils, croplands | Swales between dunes, upper edges of tidal marshes, occasionally emergent shorelines, roadsides, inland ditches |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 0(–50) m (0(–200) ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; MO; MS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico
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CT; GA; IL; LA; MA; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; RI; SC; VA
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Discussion | Cyperus retroflexus is distinguished from other species of Cyperus with deciduous spikelets by the involute, sterile terminal scale of the spikelet. In plants with cuspidate scales, the terminal scale is usually somewhat recurved, giving the appearance of a hook at the end of the spikelet. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 23. | FNA vol. 23, p. 160. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. uniflorus var. floribundus, C. uniflorus var. retroflexus, Mariscus uniflorus | C. polystachyos var. macrostachyos |
Name authority | Buckley: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 14: 9. (1862) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 332. (1805) |
Web links |