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one-flower flatsedge

fern flatsedge

Habit Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. Herbs, annual, cespitose.
Culms

trigonous, basally tuberous-thickened, (5–)15–40(–80) cm × 1–2.5 mm, glabrous.

trigonous, 5–50 cm × 0.4–2 mm, glabrous.

Leaves

flat to V-shaped, (5–)10–30(–60) cm × (0.5–)1–3(–4) mm.

flat, 10–30 cm × 1–3 mm.

Inflorescences

spike 1, loosely to densely ovoid to cylindric, 8–36 × 8–20 mm;

rays 3–6(–9), (5–)10–32 cm;

bracts 3–6, horizontal to ascending at 30°, V-shaped, (1–)3–15(–30) cm × 0.5–4.5 mm;

rachilla deciduous, wings 0.5–0.7 mm wide.

heads loosely globose, 10–22 mm diam.;

rays 0–6, 1–7 cm;

bracts 3–6, horizontal to slightly ascending, flat, 3–26 cm × 1–3 mm.

Spikelets

(5–)20–35(–65), linear to oblong (without narrowed basal portion), quadrangular; (2.2–)4–10(–18) × 0.7–1.1 mm;

floral scales persistent, 1–5, appressed, pale greenish white laterally, stramineous with reddish dots, or deep red, greenish or light brown medially, 3–6-ribbed laterally, narrowly ovate to oblong-elliptic, 2.6–3.9 × 1.6–2 mm, apex rounded to ± acute, entire, mucronulate;

distal scale with glabrous midrib and mucro 0.1–0.3(–0.5) mm;

sterile terminal scale of spikelet only 0.4–0.6 mm wide, involute, frequently uncinate.

6–20, linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 7–30 × 2–3 mm;

floral scales 8–28, stramineous to light reddish brown, laterally ribless, ovate, 2.7–3.6 × 1.6–1.8 mm.

Flowers

anthers (0.3–)0.4–0.6 mm;

styles 0.4–0.5 mm;

stigmas 0.5–0.9 mm.

stamens 2;

anthers 0.5 mm, connective apex reddish, subulate, 0.1–0.2 mm;

styles 1.9–2.1 mm;

stigmas 1–1.3 mm.

Achenes

light brown to reddish brown, sessile or slightly stipitate, ellipsoid, (1.8–)2–2.4 × 0.6–0.8(–0.9) mm, apex slightly apiculate, surfaces puncticulate.

brown, oblong, 1.2–1.6 × 0.6–0.9 mm, base cuneate to ± stipelike, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate.

Cyperus retroflexus

Cyperus filicinus

Phenology Fruiting mid summer–early fall (Jul–Sep). Fruiting summer.
Habitat Damp, disturbed soils, croplands Swales between dunes, upper edges of tidal marshes, occasionally emergent shorelines, roadsides, inland ditches
Elevation 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) 0(–50) m (0(–200) ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; AR; AZ; MO; MS; NM; OK; TX; Mexico
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
CT; GA; IL; LA; MA; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; RI; SC; VA
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cyperus retroflexus is distinguished from other species of Cyperus with deciduous spikelets by the involute, sterile terminal scale of the spikelet. In plants with cuspidate scales, the terminal scale is usually somewhat recurved, giving the appearance of a hook at the end of the spikelet.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23. FNA vol. 23, p. 160.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus
Sibling taxa
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
Synonyms C. uniflorus var. floribundus, C. uniflorus var. retroflexus, Mariscus uniflorus C. polystachyos var. macrostachyos
Name authority Buckley: Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia. 14: 9. (1862) Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 332. (1805)
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