Cyperus prolixus |
Cyperus iria |
|
---|---|---|
mosquito flatsedge |
rice-field flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial; rhizomes 3–20 cm × 1–2 cm, indurate. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | stoutly trigonous, thickened, 50–300 cm × 5–30 mm, basally indurate, glabrous. |
trigonous, (5–)20–60 cm × (0.2–) 0.6–2.4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | V-shaped, with cross ribs, 40–130 cm × 10–15 mm, margins and keel scabrid. |
(1–)3–4, V-shaped, 15–40 cm × 3–6 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes appressed-ascending, narrowly cylindric, (2–)3–45 mm × (4–)7–10 mm; rays (5–)9–12, 2–22(–30) cm; 2d order rays distinctly flattened, 1–10 cm; 3d order rays flattened, 0.5–3 cm; rachis 2.5–4 cm; bracts (6–)9–10, ascending at 45–75°, V- or inversely W-shaped, (5–)15–90 cm × 0.5–20 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.2–0.4 mm wide. |
spikes 2–5(–8), oblong to ovoid, 2–10 cm × 3–12 mm; rays 4–8, to 11 cm; bracts (4–)5(–7), ascending at 45°, V-shaped, (1.5–)8–30(–50) cm × 1–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wingless (successive floral scales 0.7–0.9 mm apart). |
Spikelets | (4–)10–35, appressed-ascending, compressed, linear, 7–12(–15) × 0.6–1.2 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–20, marginally clear, laterally brown, medially green, laterally 2–3-ribbed, medially 1-ribbed, oblong-ovate, (3.2–) 3.8–4.3 × 1.2–1.7 mm, apex spreading, acute to obtuse, mucronulate. |
10–30, compressed, linear to ellipsoid, 4–20 × 1.5–2.1 mm; floral scales deciduous, (2–)6–26, laterally brown to golden brown, edges clear, medially green, 5-ribbed, outermost ribs more noticeable than others, obovate to nearly orbiculate, 1.3–1.8 × 1.2–1.8 mm, margins emarginate, apex with mucro 0.05–0.12 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.7–0.9 mm, connective apex bright red, oblong, to 0.1 mm; styles 0.8–1.3 mm; stigmas 2–3.3 mm. |
stamens 2(–3); anthers (0.2–)0.3–0.4 mm, connective tips reddish, less than 0.1 mm; styles less than 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.2–0.4 mm. |
Achenes | brown, sessile, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.8–2.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm, apex ± acute, not apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, slightly stipitate, obovoid, 1.2–1.4 × 0.5–0.7 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus prolixus |
Cyperus iria |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer–fall (Jul–Oct). |
Habitat | Coastal marshes | Damp to moderately dry, disturbed soils |
Elevation | 0–10 m [0–30 ft] | 0–500 m [0–1600 ft] |
Distribution |
LA; Mexico; Central America; South America |
AL; AR; CA; CT; FL; GA; IL; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Australia [Introduced in North America]
|
Discussion | Cyperus prolixus produces large plants, similar in habit to C. giganteus and C. papyrus but easily distinguished by flattened rays. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus iria was first recorded in the New World from the southeastern United States in the 1840s. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 167. | FNA vol. 23, p. 166. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. amplissimus | |
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 206. (1816) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 45. (1753) |
Web links |