Cyperus prolixus |
Cyperus filiculmis |
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mosquito flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial; rhizomes 3–20 cm × 1–2 cm, indurate. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose; rhizomes knotted, beaded. |
Culms | stoutly trigonous, thickened, 50–300 cm × 5–30 mm, basally indurate, glabrous. |
trigonous, 15–48 cm × 0.4–1 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | V-shaped, with cross ribs, 40–130 cm × 10–15 mm, margins and keel scabrid. |
flat, 10–30 cm × 0.5–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes appressed-ascending, narrowly cylindric, (2–)3–45 mm × (4–)7–10 mm; rays (5–)9–12, 2–22(–30) cm; 2d order rays distinctly flattened, 1–10 cm; 3d order rays flattened, 0.5–3 cm; rachis 2.5–4 cm; bracts (6–)9–10, ascending at 45–75°, V- or inversely W-shaped, (5–)15–90 cm × 0.5–20 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.2–0.4 mm wide. |
spikes rather densely ovoid, 1–3.5 cm; rays 0 (sometimes 1–4), 1–6 cm; rachis 1–4 mm; bracts 3–4, horizontal to slightly reflexed, flat, 6–25 cm; rachilla ± deciduous, wingless. |
Spikelets | (4–)10–35, appressed-ascending, compressed, linear, 7–12(–15) × 0.6–1.2 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–20, marginally clear, laterally brown, medially green, laterally 2–3-ribbed, medially 1-ribbed, oblong-ovate, (3.2–) 3.8–4.3 × 1.2–1.7 mm, apex spreading, acute to obtuse, mucronulate. |
25–60, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, 5–12 × 2.2–3.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–15, yellowish to yellowish brown, laterally 4–5-ribbed, oblong-ovate, 2.6–3.6 × 1.4–2 mm, margins loosely spreading or clasping achene. |
Flowers | anthers 0.7–0.9 mm, connective apex bright red, oblong, to 0.1 mm; styles 0.8–1.3 mm; stigmas 2–3.3 mm. |
anthers 0.8–1 mm; styles 1 mm; stigmas 1.5–2.5 mm. |
Achenes | brown, sessile, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.8–2.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm, apex ± acute, not apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
dark grayish brown, sessile, narrowly oblong, 1.8–2.2 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus prolixus |
Cyperus filiculmis |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Coastal marshes | Well-drained, open roadsides, fields, pine barrens, dunes |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
LA; Mexico; Central America; South America |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA |
Discussion | Cyperus prolixus produces large plants, similar in habit to C. giganteus and C. papyrus but easily distinguished by flattened rays. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus filiculmis has long been treated within a broader and more widely used concept of C. filiculmis (C. lupulinus); see B. G. Marcks (1974) (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 167. | FNA vol. 23, p. 175. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. amplissimus | C. martindalei |
Name authority | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 206. (1816) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 328. (1805) |
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