Cyperus prolifer |
Cyperus echinatus |
|
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miniature flatsedge |
globe flatsedge, teasel sedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. | Herbs, perennial, single-stemmed to loosely cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous to terete, 20–100 cm × 2–6 mm, soft (flattened in drying), glabrous, often flopping over and rooting at base of rays. |
basally cormlike, trigonous, (15–)30–100 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | blades reduced to sheath. |
flat to V-shaped, 10–65 cm × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
Inflorescences | rays 100–250, 5–16 cm; 2d order rays 0.5–5 cm; bracts 2–3, horizontal or reflexed, 4–12 cm × 1.5–4 mm. |
spikes densely globose to globose-ovoid, 8–17 mm wide; rays 3–12, 2–12 cm, scaberous adaxially especially distally; rachis 4–8 mm; bracts (3–)4–7, ascending at 30(–45)°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2–9 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5–0.7 mm wide. |
Spikelets | 1–30, linear-lanceoloid, ellipsoid to narrowly ovoid, compressed-quadrangular, 6–17 × 1–1.5 mm; floral scales 5–12, reddish brown, 1–3-ribbed, 1.2–1.7 × 0.7–0.9 mm, apex mucronulate. |
50–100, oblong-lanceoloid, ± terete-quadrangular, (3.5–)4–7 × 1–1.4 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, 3–5, appressed, stramineous to brownish, 4-ribbed laterally, oblong-elliptic, 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.8 mm, membranous, apex entire or emarginate with mucro to 0.3 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 3; anthers 1–1.2 mm; styles 0.3 mm; stigmas 1–1.3 mm. |
anthers 0.4–0.8 mm; styles 0.5–0.6 mm; stigmas 1 mm. |
Achenes | brown, obovoid, 0.4 × 0.2 mm, base stipelike to nearly cuneate, apex obtuse, surfaces finely reticulate. |
brown, ± stipitate, oblong, (1.5–)1.8–2.3 × 0.5–0.6(–0.7) mm (1/2 length of floral scales), apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus prolifer |
Cyperus echinatus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer–early fall. |
Habitat | Pond shores, marshes | Disturbed, sunny sites, in mesic places, well-drained soils |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
CA; FL; tropical e Africa [Introduced in North America] |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; West Indies
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Discussion | Cyperus prolifer has long been cultivated in fish ponds and water gardens and has been reported under the name C. isocladus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The records for Rhode Island and Wisconsin are according to M. L. Horvat (1941); we have not seen specimens from those states. Cyperus echinatus is usually recognized by its tight, nearly spheric spikes; it may occasionally be hard to distinguish from C. croceus and C. retrorsus. Compared to C. retrorsus, C. echinatus has larger spikelets and longer floral scales, anthers, and achenes. In contrast to C. echinatus, C. croceus has looser spikes, shorter, broader, greenish or yellowish floral scales, shorter, more ovoid achenes, and shorter anthers. Furthermore, C. echinatus is predominantly an inland species of roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed ground; C. retrorsus is primarily a coastal species and occurs in drier, sandier sites. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 152. | FNA vol. 23, p. 182. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. isocladus | Scirpus echinatus, C. ovularis, C. ovularis var. americanus, C. ovularis var. sphaericus, C. ovularis var. wolfii, C. wolfii, Kyllinga ovularis, Mariscus ovularis |
Name authority | Lamarck: in J. Lamarck and J. Poiret, Tabl. Encycl. 1: 147. (1791) | (Linnaeus) Alph. Wood: Class-book Bot. ed. s.n.(b), 734. (1861) |
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