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many-spike flatsedge

Habit Herbs, perennial (annual?), cespitose.
Culms

trigonous or ± terete, (3–)20–45(–70) cm × (0.8–) 1.2–2 mm, glabrous.

and leaves with Kranz (chlorocyperoid) anatomy.

Leaves

(2–) 6–10(–16), flat to V-shaped, (2–) 10–30(–60) cm × 1–4 mm.

Inflorescences

spike 1, loosely ovoid to densely turbinate, 12–40 × 10–25 mm;

rachis 3–10 mm;

rays 1–8(–12), 0.5–3(–6) cm; 2d order rays absent;

if rays absent, inflorescence single dense cluster of spikelets, 12–40 mm diam.;

bracts (3–)4–6(–7), horizontal to ascending at 45°, flanged V-shaped, (2–)5–15(–23) cm × 1–4 mm.

spikes;

rachilla persistent, wingless or nearly so.

Spikelets

(5–)15–30(–40), spreading to appressed-ascending, linear-lanceoloid to linear, compressed, 8–18(–40) × (1–)1.3–1.6(–2) mm;

floral scales (8–)12–25(–66), laterally stramineous to light brown, medially green, laterally ribless, medially 3–5-ribbed, oblong, (1.5–)1.8–2.4 × (1–)1.2–1.4 mm, apex acute to ± acute, mucronate.

borne in loosely spicate to ± digitate clusters;

floral scales deciduous, 2-keeled or folded.

Flowers

stamens 2;

anthers (0.4–)0.5–0.8 mm, connective not prolonged;

styles 0.6–1(–1.4) mm;

stigmas (1–)1.4–2 mm.

stamens (1–)2–3;

pistils 2;

stigmas 2.

Achenes

light to dark brown, oblong, (0.8–)0.9–1.1(–1.2) × 0.4–0.5(–0.6) mm, base cuneate to ± stipelike, apex truncate, apiculate, surfaces punctate to minutely punctate with raised cells.

biconvex or ± cylindric, laterally compressed, edge borne toward rachilla.

Cyperus polystachyos

Cyperus subg. Pycreus

Phenology Fruiting summer–early fall.
Habitat Shores, ditches, swales between dunes
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OK; PA; SC; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Worldwide
Discussion

Cyperus polystachyos is polymorphic. Adequate understanding of the infraspecific variations of C. polystachyos requires a worldwide examination, which is beyond the scope of this study. The segregates, C. fugax and C. filicinus, are recognized here; they have been usually accepted by recent workers (e.g., M. L. Fernald 1950; H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Species ca. 100 (11 in the flora).

Laterally compressed, biconvex achenes, a feature not occurring elsewhere in the family, distinguish Cyperus subg. Pycreus. The taxon has been treated as a genus in Flora Mesoamericana (C. D. Adams 1994), an idea that may have merit.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 160. FNA vol. 23.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus Cyperaceae > Cyperus
Sibling taxa
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
Subordinate taxa
Synonyms C. brizaeus, C. polystachyos var. leptostachyus, Pycreus polystachyos subg. Pycreus, C. section Pycreus
Name authority Rottbøll: Descr. Pl. Rar., 21. (1772) (Palisot de Beauvois) J. Carey: Carices North. U. S., 517. (1847)
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