Cyperus plukenetii |
Cyperus fugax |
|
---|---|---|
Plukenet's flatsedge, Plukenet's sedge |
withering flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | basally cormlike, obtusely trigonous to subterete, 25–100 cm × 2–4 mm, densely minutely scabridulous. |
(1–)10–30(–60) together, roundly trigonous proximally, trigonous distally, (0.5–)3–6(–12) cm × (0.2–)0.4–0.8 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | inversely W-shaped, 20–70 cm × 4–7 mm, adaxial surface densely hirtellous. |
V-shaped, (1–)3–5(–10) cm × (0.5–)1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes turbinate, 10–12 × 6–9 mm, ± as long as wide; rays 6–12, 1–30 cm (longest bract equaling or shorter than longest ray), harshly scabrid; bracts 3–10, horizontal to ascending at 30°, inversely W-shaped, 6–27 cm × 3–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wings hyaline, 0.5 mm wide, covering 1/2 of mature achene. |
spikes loosely ovoid, 8–15(–25) mm wide; rachis 1–3 mm; rays (1–)2–4(–6), (0.5–)1–3(–6) cm; 2d order rays absent; bracts (1–)2–4(–5), ascending at 30–45°, V-shaped, (1–)2.5–6(–11) cm × 0.5–1.8 mm. |
Spikelets | 30–60, proximal spikelets reflexed nearly parallel to ray, distal ones spreading, linear, ± terete, 6–8 × 1–1.4 mm; floral scales persistent, 1(–2), appressed, stramineous, often suffused with reddish purple, laterally 4–6-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, 4–4.5 × 1.4–1.6 mm, apex straight, excurved mucronate or cuspidate; terminal scale spinose. |
(2–)4–6(–10), linear-lanceoloid, strongly flattened, (5–)8–12(–18) × 1.2–1.5 (1.8) mm; floral scales (5–)10–16(–32), laterally clear, stramineous or light reddish brown, medially green, laterally ribless, medially 3(–5)-ribbed, ovate, (1.2–)1.3–1.6(–2) × 1–1.2(–1.4) mm, apex obtuse, mucronate to minutely mucronulate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.5–1 mm; styles 1.5–2 mm; stigmas 2 mm. |
stamens 2; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm; styles 0.1–0.3(–0.4) mm; stigmas 0.3–0.4 mm. |
Achenes | dark brown, narrowly oblong, (2.4–)2.7–2.9(–3.2) × 0.7–0.8 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
light to dark brown, glossy or iridescent, stipitate, oblong-obovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, stipe 0.1 mm, apex truncate, apiculate, surfaces punctate. |
Cyperus plukenetii |
Cyperus fugax |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer (Jul–Aug). | Fruiting early summer. |
Habitat | Dry sand hills, xeric upland woods | Wet, disturbed sandy soils in full sun |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
|
LA; TX; Central America; West Indies (Cuba); South America (Ecuador) |
Discussion | Cyperus plukenetii is distinguished by its tight, burlike spikes, few-flowered spikelets, and densely pubescent culms, leaves, and rays. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus fugax is known from Louisiana from an early nineteeth century collection from “western Louisiana” (Hale s.n., TCD). Cyperus fugax has been treated as a form of C. polystachyos (G. Kükenthal 1935–1936; A. B. Ayers 1946); nevertheless, specific status is appropriate. The most conspicuous differences are the annual habit and small size (less than 12 cm) of C. fugax; C. polystachyos is a perennial of moderate size (mostly taller than 20 cm). Other differences are summarized below. Cyperus polystachyos is characterized as a shortly rhizomatous perennial; floral scales oblong, 1.8–2.4 mm, closely imbricate; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas 1.4–2 mm; anthers 0.6–0.8 mm; achenes substipitate to cuneate, slightly compressed laterally. Cyperus fugax is characterized as a nonrhizomatous annual; floral scales ovate, 1.3–1.6 mm, loosely imbricate; styles 0.1–0.2 mm; stigmas 0.3–0.4 mm; filaments 1.2–1.4 mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm; achenes stipitate, strongly compressed laterally. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 180. | FNA vol. 23, p. 159. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. inconspicuus, C. tenellus | |
Name authority | Fernald: Rhodora 47: 110, plate 877. (1945) | Liebmann: Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5, 2: 196. (1850) |
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