Cyperus plukenetii |
Cyperus erythrorhizos |
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Plukenet's flatsedge, Plukenet's sedge |
red-root cyperus, red-root flat sedge, redroot nutgrass |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | basally cormlike, obtusely trigonous to subterete, 25–100 cm × 2–4 mm, densely minutely scabridulous. |
trigonous to roundly trigonous, (0.5–)5–25(–105) cm × 1–2.5(–7.5) mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | inversely W-shaped, 20–70 cm × 4–7 mm, adaxial surface densely hirtellous. |
flat to inversely W-shaped, 5–25(–90) cm × 2–5(–11) mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes turbinate, 10–12 × 6–9 mm, ± as long as wide; rays 6–12, 1–30 cm (longest bract equaling or shorter than longest ray), harshly scabrid; bracts 3–10, horizontal to ascending at 30°, inversely W-shaped, 6–27 cm × 3–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wings hyaline, 0.5 mm wide, covering 1/2 of mature achene. |
spikes 1–3(–6), rather densely cylindric-ovoid, (4–)10–30(–45) × (6–)10–16(–23) mm; rays 2–6(–12), 1–8(–28) cm; bracts (3–)5–7(–11), horizontal to ascending at 30°, inversely W-shaped, (3–)10–20(–70) cm × 1–3(–12) mm; rachilla persistent, at maturity becoming laterally free, remaining firmly attached proximally, wings 0.3(–0.4) mm wide. |
Spikelets | 30–60, proximal spikelets reflexed nearly parallel to ray, distal ones spreading, linear, ± terete, 6–8 × 1–1.4 mm; floral scales persistent, 1(–2), appressed, stramineous, often suffused with reddish purple, laterally 4–6-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, 4–4.5 × 1.4–1.6 mm, apex straight, excurved mucronate or cuspidate; terminal scale spinose. |
(20–)40–80, linear, quadrangular, 3–8(–11) × 1–1.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–16(–30), appressed, laterally light brown with reddish speckles, medially greenish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, oblong-ovate to obovate, quadrangular to subterete, 1.3–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, mucronulate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.5–1 mm; styles 1.5–2 mm; stigmas 2 mm. |
anthers 0.2–0.3 mm, connectives 0.1 mm; styles 0.7–0.8 mm; stigmas 0.4 mm. |
Achenes | dark brown, narrowly oblong, (2.4–)2.7–2.9(–3.2) × 0.7–0.8 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
light grayish to brown, sessile, ovoid, (0.4–)0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, apex rounded, apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
Cyperus plukenetii |
Cyperus erythrorhizos |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer (Jul–Aug). | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Dry sand hills, xeric upland woods | Emergent shorelines |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; MB; ON; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Cyperus plukenetii is distinguished by its tight, burlike spikes, few-flowered spikelets, and densely pubescent culms, leaves, and rays. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 180. | FNA vol. 23, p. 172. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. cupreus, C. erythrorhizos var. cupreus, C. occidentalis, C. washingtonensis | |
Name authority | Fernald: Rhodora 47: 110, plate 877. (1945) | Muhlenberg: Descr. Gram., 20. (1817) |
Web links |
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