Cyperus plukenetii |
Cyperus difformis |
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Plukenet's flatsedge, Plukenet's sedge |
Asian flatsedge, smallflower umbrella sedge, variable flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | basally cormlike, obtusely trigonous to subterete, 25–100 cm × 2–4 mm, densely minutely scabridulous. |
1–15, trigonous, 7–30 cm × 1.2–2.5 mm, soft (flattened in pressing), glabrous. |
Leaves | inversely W-shaped, 20–70 cm × 4–7 mm, adaxial surface densely hirtellous. |
2–7, flat, (2–)7–22 cm × 2.2–4 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes turbinate, 10–12 × 6–9 mm, ± as long as wide; rays 6–12, 1–30 cm (longest bract equaling or shorter than longest ray), harshly scabrid; bracts 3–10, horizontal to ascending at 30°, inversely W-shaped, 6–27 cm × 3–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wings hyaline, 0.5 mm wide, covering 1/2 of mature achene. |
heads dense, 7–17 mm diam.; when rays short, heads sessile or nearly so, then densely irregularly lobate, 12–35 mm diam.; rays 1–5, 2–32 mm; bracts 2–4, longest bract erect or nearly so, appearing as continuation of culm, other bracts horizontal to ascending, 1–22 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, margins and keel minutely scabridulous. |
Spikelets | 30–60, proximal spikelets reflexed nearly parallel to ray, distal ones spreading, linear, ± terete, 6–8 × 1–1.4 mm; floral scales persistent, 1(–2), appressed, stramineous, often suffused with reddish purple, laterally 4–6-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, 4–4.5 × 1.4–1.6 mm, apex straight, excurved mucronate or cuspidate; terminal scale spinose. |
30–120, greenish brown to purplish brown, oblong-ellipsoid, compressed, (2–)3–5(–6) × 0.8–1.2 mm; floral scales (6–)12–20(–30), laterally clear margins, stramineous to deep purple, medially greenish, stramineous, or purplish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, obovate to orbiculate, 0.6–0.8 × 0.6–0.8 mm, apex mucronulate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.5–1 mm; styles 1.5–2 mm; stigmas 2 mm. |
stamens 1 or 2; anthers ovoid-ellipsoid, 0.1 mm, connective not prolonged; styles 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.1–0.3 mm. |
Achenes | dark brown, narrowly oblong, (2.4–)2.7–2.9(–3.2) × 0.7–0.8 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
light brown, obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.3–0.4 mm (as long as subtending scale), base cuneate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces finely reticulate, papillose. |
Cyperus plukenetii |
Cyperus difformis |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer (Jul–Aug). | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Dry sand hills, xeric upland woods | Disturbed, muddy soils, shallow waters |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA
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AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; ID; KY; LA; MS; NC; NJ; NM; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; South America; West Indies (Puerto Rico); Central America (Nicaragua, Panama); Eurasia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | Cyperus plukenetii is distinguished by its tight, burlike spikes, few-flowered spikelets, and densely pubescent culms, leaves, and rays. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus difformis is naturalized in the New World and native to the Old World, where it ranges from southern Europe to southern Africa and eastward to Southeast Asia and Australia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 180. | FNA vol. 23, p. 156. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. lateriflorus | |
Name authority | Fernald: Rhodora 47: 110, plate 877. (1945) | Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. II, 6. (1756) |
Web links |