Cyperus pilosus |
Cyperus erythrorhizos |
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fuzzy flatsedge |
red-root cyperus, red-root flat sedge, redroot nutgrass |
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Habit | Herbs, annual or perennial, cespitose; stolons slender, to 5 cm × 1.5 mm. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous, 25–90 cm × 2 mm, hispidulous or glabrous on angles distally. |
trigonous to roundly trigonous, (0.5–)5–25(–105) cm × 1–2.5(–7.5) mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | flat, 10–35 cm × 3–10 mm. |
flat to inversely W-shaped, 5–25(–90) cm × 2–5(–11) mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes 1–4(–6), loosely oblong-ovoid, 2–3 × 1–2 cm; rays 3–10, 1–16 cm; 2d order rays to 3 cm; rachis hispidulous, prickles slender, 0.1–0.2 mm; bracts 3–5, ± ascending, flat, 5–35 cm × 0.5–5(–7) mm; rachilla persistent, wingless. |
spikes 1–3(–6), rather densely cylindric-ovoid, (4–)10–30(–45) × (6–)10–16(–23) mm; rays 2–6(–12), 1–8(–28) cm; bracts (3–)5–7(–11), horizontal to ascending at 30°, inversely W-shaped, (3–)10–20(–70) cm × 1–3(–12) mm; rachilla persistent, at maturity becoming laterally free, remaining firmly attached proximally, wings 0.3(–0.4) mm wide. |
Spikelets | 15–40, linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 6–12 × 1.5–2 mm; floral scales deciduous, 8–16, light brown with clear border, laterally 2–3-ribbed, ovate, 1.8–2 × 1.2–1.6 mm; apex entire, emarginate, or mucronulate, mucro at most 0.3 mm. |
(20–)40–80, linear, quadrangular, 3–8(–11) × 1–1.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–16(–30), appressed, laterally light brown with reddish speckles, medially greenish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, oblong-ovate to obovate, quadrangular to subterete, 1.3–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, mucronulate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.4 mm; styles 0.6 mm; stigmas 1 mm. |
anthers 0.2–0.3 mm, connectives 0.1 mm; styles 0.7–0.8 mm; stigmas 0.4 mm. |
Achenes | brown, sessile, broadly ellipsoid, 1–1.2 × 0.5 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
light grayish to brown, sessile, ovoid, (0.4–)0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, apex rounded, apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
Cyperus pilosus |
Cyperus erythrorhizos |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Rice fields, wetlands, emergent muddy shores | Emergent shorelines |
Elevation | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; LA; MS; SC; Asia [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; MB; ON; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Cyperus pilosus was naturalized in the flora from eastern Asia, apparently early in the twentieth century. The combination of hispidulous rachis and loosely oblong-ovoid spikes is sufficient to distinguish Cyperus pilosus from any others with deciduous floral scales. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 166. | FNA vol. 23, p. 172. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. cupreus, C. erythrorhizos var. cupreus, C. occidentalis, C. washingtonensis | |
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 354. (1805) | Muhlenberg: Descr. Gram., 20. (1817) |
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