Cyperus papyrus |
Cyperus serotinus |
|
---|---|---|
Egyptian paper-reed, papyrus |
tidalmarsh flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, stout. | Herbs, perennial, stoloniferous; stolons terminated by tubers. |
Culms | roundly trigonous, 300–500 cm × 15–45 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, 50–100 cm × 5–8 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
3–6, V-shaped, 20–50 cm × 5–8(–10) mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely cylindric, 10–20 × 6–10 mm; rays 40–100, drooping or arching, slender, 10–30 cm; 2d order rays 8–20 cm; bracts 4–10, ± erect, V-shaped, 3–8 cm × 4–15 mm; 2d order bracts 2–5, (1.5–)4–16 cm × 0.5–2 mm; rachilla persistent, separating laterally, remaining firmly attached basally, wings 0.3–0.4 mm wide. |
spikes not appearing lateral, rays 5–8, 2–7(–12) cm; bracts 3–4, ± horizontal to ascending at 45°, V-shaped, 5–25 cm × 1.5–8 mm; spikes 1–4, ovoid, 2–4 × 2–3 cm; rachis 1–2.7 cm, smooth or hispidulous; rachilla persistent, wingless or with hyaline wings scarcely 0.1 mm wide. |
Spikelets | 6–30, slightly compressed, linear, ± quadrangular, 6–10 × 0.8–1 mm; floral scales 6–16, reddish beside 5-ribbed green medial part, white to hyaline near margins, ovate-elliptic, 1.8–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. |
7–14, flattened, lanceoloid, 10–20 × 2–2.5 mm; floral scales 10–30, laterally dark brown to reddish brown, medially greenish, laterally 5–9-ribbed, ovate-deltate; anthers 3, 0.5 mm; styles 0.5 mm; stigmas 1.2–1.6 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.8–1 mm (connectives prolonged beyond anther as red subulate appendage 0.2–0.5 mm, apex usually setose); styles 0.2–0.4 mm; stigmas 0.8–1.2 mm. |
|
Achenes | pale brown, sessile, oblong, 0.8–1 × 0.4 mm, apex scarcely apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, sessile, ellipsoid, 1.4–1.6 × 1.4–1.5 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate. |
Cyperus papyrus |
Cyperus serotinus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Stream banks, marshes | Tidal marshes |
Elevation | 0–30 m (0–100 ft) | 0 m (0 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; s Europe; sw Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America] |
DE; NJ; PA; Eurasia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Cyperus papyrus is conspicuous in the field by its great height, leafless culm, and open, hemispheric inflorescence with drooping rays. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans prepared paper from the pith of the culms of Cyperus papyrus, which is abundant along the Nile River. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 173. | FNA vol. 23, p. 164. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Chlorocyperus serotinus, Juncellus serotinus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 47. (1753) | Rottbøll: Descr. Pl. Rar., 18. (1772) |
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