Cyperus papyrus |
Cyperus granitophilus |
|
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Egyptian paper-reed, papyrus |
granite flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, stout. | Herbs, annual, cespitose, with roots fibrous. |
Culms | roundly trigonous, 300–500 cm × 15–45 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
V-shaped to flat, (2–)4–11 cm × 3–4 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely cylindric, 10–20 × 6–10 mm; rays 40–100, drooping or arching, slender, 10–30 cm; 2d order rays 8–20 cm; bracts 4–10, ± erect, V-shaped, 3–8 cm × 4–15 mm; 2d order bracts 2–5, (1.5–)4–16 cm × 0.5–2 mm; rachilla persistent, separating laterally, remaining firmly attached basally, wings 0.3–0.4 mm wide. |
rays absent; bracts 2–4, ± horizontal, flat, 1–6.5 cm × 2–3 mm; rachilla persistent, wingless. |
Spikelets | 6–30, slightly compressed, linear, ± quadrangular, 6–10 × 0.8–1 mm; floral scales 6–16, reddish beside 5-ribbed green medial part, white to hyaline near margins, ovate-elliptic, 1.8–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. |
10–40, compressed, ovoid to linear-lanceoloid, quadrangular, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–20, spreading, pale greenish to reddish brown, laterally (5–)7–9(–13)-ribbed, ovate, 3–4 × 1–2 mm, apex straight, excurved mucronate, or cuspidate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.8–1 mm (connectives prolonged beyond anther as red subulate appendage 0.2–0.5 mm, apex usually setose); styles 0.2–0.4 mm; stigmas 0.8–1.2 mm. |
stamens 1–2; filaments 1.5 mm; anthers 0.8–1 mm, connective apex reddish yellow, less than 0.1 mm; styles 0.8–1 mm; stigmas 1–1.2 mm. |
Achenes | pale brown, sessile, oblong, 0.8–1 × 0.4 mm, apex scarcely apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown to reddish brown, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, 0.8–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm, base ± cuneate, apex truncate-obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus papyrus |
Cyperus granitophilus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Stream banks, marshes | Thin soil over outcrops of granite or sandstone of the Piedmont and inner coastal plain |
Elevation | 0–30 m (0–100 ft) | 50–400 m (200–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; s Europe; sw Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America] |
AL; GA; NC; SC; TN; VA
|
Discussion | Cyperus papyrus is conspicuous in the field by its great height, leafless culm, and open, hemispheric inflorescence with drooping rays. Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans prepared paper from the pith of the culms of Cyperus papyrus, which is abundant along the Nile River. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus granitophilus is documented as an autotetraploid derivative of C. squarrosus (L. W. Garoni and W. H. Murdy 1964). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 173. | FNA vol. 23, p. 165. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 47. (1753) | McVaugh: Castanea 2: 103, figs. 4–8. (1937) |
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