Cyperus lupulinus |
Cyperus sphacelatus |
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Great Plains flatsedge, slender sand sedge |
roadside flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose; rhizomes knotted, beaded. | Herbs, annual or perennial, cespitose. | ||||
Culms | trigonous, (3–)10–50 cm × 0.4–1.2 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, 15–60 cm × 1–3 mm, glabrous. |
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Leaves | flat, 5–40 cm × 1–3.5 mm. |
2–6, flat to V-shaped, 6–30(–40) cm × 2–4 mm. |
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Inflorescences | spikes rather densely ovoid to globose, 1.2–3.5 cm; rays 0 or 1–4, 1–6 cm; rachis 1–3.5 mm; bracts 2–4, horizontal to reflexed, flat, 6–25 cm; rachilla ± deciduous, wingless. |
spikes broadly ellipsoid, 5–45 × 10–30(–45) mm; rays (2–)5–9, (0.3–)3–10 cm; rachis 4–17 mm; bracts 5–6, horizontal to ascending, V-shaped, 1.5–30 cm × 0.5–4 mm; rachilla persistent, wings hyaline, 0.4–0.5 mm wide. |
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Spikelets | 15–60, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, (3–)6–22 × 2.5–4 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–22, off-white to light reddish brown, laterally 3–5-ribbed, ovate-elliptic, 2.5–4 × 2–2.6 mm, margins loosely spreading or clasping achene, apex entire to mucronate, mucro 0.05–0.2 mm. |
5–30, pale greenish white or stramineous, compressed, linear-lanceoloid, 7–35 × (1.2–)1.4–2 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–34, spreading or appressed, laterally greenish white, often reddish or brown speckled, medially green, laterally 3–5-ribbed, medially 3-ribbed, elliptic, (2.2–)3–4(–4.4) × (1.2–)1.8–2.2 mm, apex acute. |
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Flowers | anthers 0.3–0.6 mm; styles 1 mm; stigmas 1–1.5 mm. |
anthers 0.6 mm; styles 0.6–1.2 mm; stigmas 1–1.4(–1.7) mm. |
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Achenes | dark brown or black, sessile, oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 1.7–2.2 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
reddish brown to dark brown, stipitate, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.6–0.9 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
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2n | = 166. |
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Cyperus lupulinus |
Cyperus sphacelatus |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer. | |||||
Habitat | Disturbed, wet soils | |||||
Elevation | 0 m (0 ft) | |||||
Distribution |
AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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FL; Central America; South America; West Indies; Africa [Introduced in North America] |
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Discussion | Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). Cyperus lupulinus was studied in detail (B. G. Marcks 1974). Ranges of the two subspecies overlap somewhat. Cyperus lupulinus subsp. lupulinus is found chiefly in the Great Plains, and subsp. macilentus is centered in the Northeast. It is seldom difficult to assign specimens to subspecies. The hybrid of Cyperus lupulinus with C. schweinitzii is C. ×mesochorus Geise. It is occasionally encountered with the two parent species in the north-central states (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) and has been recorded once from Quebec. The hybrid is similar in size to C. schweinitzii; it has fewer rays, inflorescence bracts 30–45º above horizontal, and floral scales with mucros 0.4–0.5 mm. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Key |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 176. | FNA vol. 23, p. 170. | ||||
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | ||||
Sibling taxa | ||||||
Subordinate taxa | ||||||
Synonyms | Scirpus lupulinus | C. balbisii | ||||
Name authority | (Sprengel) Marcks: Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 62: 271. (1974) | Rottbøll: Descr. Pl. Rar., 21. (1772) | ||||
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