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Great Plains flatsedge, slender sand sedge

roadside flatsedge

Habit Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose; rhizomes knotted, beaded. Herbs, annual or perennial, cespitose.
Culms

trigonous, (3–)10–50 cm × 0.4–1.2 mm, glabrous.

trigonous, 15–60 cm × 1–3 mm, glabrous.

Leaves

flat, 5–40 cm × 1–3.5 mm.

2–6, flat to V-shaped, 6–30(–40) cm × 2–4 mm.

Inflorescences

spikes rather densely ovoid to globose, 1.2–3.5 cm;

rays 0 or 1–4, 1–6 cm;

rachis 1–3.5 mm;

bracts 2–4, horizontal to reflexed, flat, 6–25 cm;

rachilla ± deciduous, wingless.

spikes broadly ellipsoid, 5–45 × 10–30(–45) mm;

rays (2–)5–9, (0.3–)3–10 cm;

rachis 4–17 mm;

bracts 5–6, horizontal to ascending, V-shaped, 1.5–30 cm × 0.5–4 mm;

rachilla persistent, wings hyaline, 0.4–0.5 mm wide.

Spikelets

15–60, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, (3–)6–22 × 2.5–4 mm;

floral scales deciduous, 5–22, off-white to light reddish brown, laterally 3–5-ribbed, ovate-elliptic, 2.5–4 × 2–2.6 mm, margins loosely spreading or clasping achene, apex entire to mucronate, mucro 0.05–0.2 mm.

5–30, pale greenish white or stramineous, compressed, linear-lanceoloid, 7–35 × (1.2–)1.4–2 mm;

floral scales deciduous, 6–34, spreading or appressed, laterally greenish white, often reddish or brown speckled, medially green, laterally 3–5-ribbed, medially 3-ribbed, elliptic, (2.2–)3–4(–4.4) × (1.2–)1.8–2.2 mm, apex acute.

Flowers

anthers 0.3–0.6 mm;

styles 1 mm;

stigmas 1–1.5 mm.

anthers 0.6 mm;

styles 0.6–1.2 mm;

stigmas 1–1.4(–1.7) mm.

Achenes

dark brown or black, sessile, oblong-ellipsoid to ellipsoid, 1.7–2.2 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate.

reddish brown to dark brown, stipitate, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.4–2 × 0.6–0.9 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces puncticulate.

2n

= 166.

Cyperus lupulinus

Cyperus sphacelatus

Phenology Fruiting summer.
Habitat Disturbed, wet soils
Elevation 0 m (0 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AR; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; ID; IL; IN; KS; KY; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; NC; NE; NH; NJ; NY; OH; OR; PA; RI; TN; TX; VA; VT; WI; WV; NB; NS; ON; QC
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from FNA
FL; Central America; South America; West Indies; Africa [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora).

Cyperus lupulinus was studied in detail (B. G. Marcks 1974). Ranges of the two subspecies overlap somewhat. Cyperus lupulinus subsp. lupulinus is found chiefly in the Great Plains, and subsp. macilentus is centered in the Northeast. It is seldom difficult to assign specimens to subspecies.

The hybrid of Cyperus lupulinus with C. schweinitzii is C. ×mesochorus Geise. It is occasionally encountered with the two parent species in the north-central states (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) and has been recorded once from Quebec. The hybrid is similar in size to C. schweinitzii; it has fewer rays, inflorescence bracts 30–45º above horizontal, and floral scales with mucros 0.4–0.5 mm.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Floral scales 2.5–4 mm, margins not clasping achene; spikelets with 5–22 floral scales.
subsp. lupulinus
1. Floral scales 1.8–2.5 mm, margins tightly clasping achene; spikelets with 3–7 floral scales.
subsp. macilentus
Source FNA vol. 23, p. 176. FNA vol. 23, p. 170.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus
Sibling taxa
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
Subordinate taxa
C. lupulinus subsp. lupulinus, C. lupulinus subsp. macilentus
Synonyms Scirpus lupulinus C. balbisii
Name authority (Sprengel) Marcks: Trans. Wisconsin Acad. Sci. 62: 271. (1974) Rottbøll: Descr. Pl. Rar., 21. (1772)
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