Cyperus lanceolatus |
Cyperus sanguinolentus |
|
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epiphytic flatsedge |
purpleglume flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. | Herbs, perennial; rhizomes ± horizontal, to 12 cm × 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Culms | trigonous, compressed, 15–75 cm × 0.5–3 mm, glabrous. |
± terete to roundly trigonous, 3–25(–60) cm × 0.3–2 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | 1–3, 5–30 cm × 1–2 mm. |
1–3, V-shaped, 1–8(–15) cm × 1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes 1(–2), ovoid, 5–23 × 9–21 mm; rays 2–3(–4), 0–15 mm; if rays absent, head single, compact, sessile, (12–)15–20 mm diam.; bracts 2–3, horizontal to vertical, 2–14 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm. |
spike 1, loosely ovoid, 7–14 × 8–20 mm; rays (0–)1–4, to 2(–3) cm; bracts 2–4, horizontal to ascending at 30(–45)°, V-shaped to flat, 1–8(–18) cm × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm. |
Spikelets | 1–6, oblong-lanceoloid, 5–26 × 2–3 mm; floral scales 12–54, closely imbricate, laterally yellowish brown, medially pale brown, occasionally greenish, laterally 1-ribbed, medially 3-ribbed, distinctly 2-keeled basally, ovate, 1.8–2.6 × 1.4–1.7 mm, apex obtuse. |
3–5(–14), oblong to linear-lanceoloid, 8–18 × 2–2.6(–3) mm; floral scales (6–)10–26(–32), laterally clear to light brown, sometimes with purplish margins, medially light brown, 2-keeled, laterally ribless, medially 2–3-ribbed, oblong to ovate, 1.9–2.2(–2.7) × 1.8–2.3 mm, apex obtuse. |
Flowers | stamens 2; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm, connectives not prolonged; styles 0.3–1 mm; stigmas 0.6–0.8(–1) mm. |
stamens 3; anthers ellipsoid, 0.3–0.6 mm, connective not prolonged; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas 1–1.5 mm. |
Achenes | brown, network of ridges forming isodiametric or square cells, stipitate, obovoid to ellipsoid, 1.1–1.3 × (0.5–)0.6 mm, apex acute to broadly rounded, surfaces minutely punctate or finely papillose. |
brown, ± stipitate, obovoid to ovoid, 1–1.4 × 0.6–0.8 mm, apex truncate, apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate. |
Cyperus lanceolatus |
Cyperus sanguinolentus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Marshes | Emergent shorelines, ditches |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 20 m (100 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa
|
AL; GA; LA; MS; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Cyperus sanguinolentus is the only rhizomatous, distigmatic Cyperus in the eastern United States. An early collection from Louisiana was described as C. louisianensis, supposedly endemic. Recent field work and morphometric studies convincingly showed it to be an introduction of the Asian C. sanguinolentus) (J. R. Carter and C. T. Bryson 2001. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 162. | FNA vol. 23, p. 161. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. densus, C. humboldtianus, C. lanceolatus var. compositus, Pycreus densus | C. louisianensis, Pycreus sanguinolentus |
Name authority | Poiret: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 7: 245. (1806) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 351. (1805) |
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