Cyperus lanceolatus |
Cyperus fugax |
|
---|---|---|
epiphytic flatsedge |
withering flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous, compressed, 15–75 cm × 0.5–3 mm, glabrous. |
(1–)10–30(–60) together, roundly trigonous proximally, trigonous distally, (0.5–)3–6(–12) cm × (0.2–)0.4–0.8 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | 1–3, 5–30 cm × 1–2 mm. |
V-shaped, (1–)3–5(–10) cm × (0.5–)1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes 1(–2), ovoid, 5–23 × 9–21 mm; rays 2–3(–4), 0–15 mm; if rays absent, head single, compact, sessile, (12–)15–20 mm diam.; bracts 2–3, horizontal to vertical, 2–14 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm. |
spikes loosely ovoid, 8–15(–25) mm wide; rachis 1–3 mm; rays (1–)2–4(–6), (0.5–)1–3(–6) cm; 2d order rays absent; bracts (1–)2–4(–5), ascending at 30–45°, V-shaped, (1–)2.5–6(–11) cm × 0.5–1.8 mm. |
Spikelets | 1–6, oblong-lanceoloid, 5–26 × 2–3 mm; floral scales 12–54, closely imbricate, laterally yellowish brown, medially pale brown, occasionally greenish, laterally 1-ribbed, medially 3-ribbed, distinctly 2-keeled basally, ovate, 1.8–2.6 × 1.4–1.7 mm, apex obtuse. |
(2–)4–6(–10), linear-lanceoloid, strongly flattened, (5–)8–12(–18) × 1.2–1.5 (1.8) mm; floral scales (5–)10–16(–32), laterally clear, stramineous or light reddish brown, medially green, laterally ribless, medially 3(–5)-ribbed, ovate, (1.2–)1.3–1.6(–2) × 1–1.2(–1.4) mm, apex obtuse, mucronate to minutely mucronulate. |
Flowers | stamens 2; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm, connectives not prolonged; styles 0.3–1 mm; stigmas 0.6–0.8(–1) mm. |
stamens 2; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm; styles 0.1–0.3(–0.4) mm; stigmas 0.3–0.4 mm. |
Achenes | brown, network of ridges forming isodiametric or square cells, stipitate, obovoid to ellipsoid, 1.1–1.3 × (0.5–)0.6 mm, apex acute to broadly rounded, surfaces minutely punctate or finely papillose. |
light to dark brown, glossy or iridescent, stipitate, oblong-obovoid, 0.9–1.1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, stipe 0.1 mm, apex truncate, apiculate, surfaces punctate. |
Cyperus lanceolatus |
Cyperus fugax |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting early summer. |
Habitat | Marshes | Wet, disturbed sandy soils in full sun |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; Africa
|
LA; TX; Central America; West Indies (Cuba); South America (Ecuador) |
Discussion | Cyperus fugax is known from Louisiana from an early nineteeth century collection from “western Louisiana” (Hale s.n., TCD). Cyperus fugax has been treated as a form of C. polystachyos (G. Kükenthal 1935–1936; A. B. Ayers 1946); nevertheless, specific status is appropriate. The most conspicuous differences are the annual habit and small size (less than 12 cm) of C. fugax; C. polystachyos is a perennial of moderate size (mostly taller than 20 cm). Other differences are summarized below. Cyperus polystachyos is characterized as a shortly rhizomatous perennial; floral scales oblong, 1.8–2.4 mm, closely imbricate; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas 1.4–2 mm; anthers 0.6–0.8 mm; achenes substipitate to cuneate, slightly compressed laterally. Cyperus fugax is characterized as a nonrhizomatous annual; floral scales ovate, 1.3–1.6 mm, loosely imbricate; styles 0.1–0.2 mm; stigmas 0.3–0.4 mm; filaments 1.2–1.4 mm; anthers 0.1–0.2 mm; achenes stipitate, strongly compressed laterally. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 162. | FNA vol. 23, p. 159. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. densus, C. humboldtianus, C. lanceolatus var. compositus, Pycreus densus | C. inconspicuus, C. tenellus |
Name authority | Poiret: in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl. 7: 245. (1806) | Liebmann: Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd., ser. 5, 2: 196. (1850) |
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