Cyperus involucratus |
Cyperus pumilus |
|
---|---|---|
umbrella-plant |
low flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous, 30–150 cm × 1–5(–8) mm. |
trigonous, 1–35 cm × 0.5–1 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
flat, 5–20 cm × 1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | heads digitate, 15–30(–36) mm diam.; rays (14–)20–22, (2–)5–12(–20) cm; 2d order rays 0.3–3(–4) cm; 3d order rays sometimes present, 0.3–2.5 cm; bracts (4–)18–22, ± horizontal, flat, 15–27 cm × (1.5–)8–12 mm. |
heads ± digitate, 8–26 mm diam.; rays 1–6, 0.5–5 cm; bracts 3–4, ± horizontal, flat, 3–18 cm × 1–2 mm. |
Spikelets | 8–20, ovoid to linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 5–25 × 1.5–2 mm; floral scales 8–28, laterally whitish or light brown, ± hyaline, medially light brown, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, 2-keeled in proximal 30–60%, deltate-ovate, 1.6–2.4 × (1–)1.2–1.5(–1.7) mm, apex acute. |
6–25, ovoid to linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 4–15 × 1–2 mm; floral scales 8–28(–40), clear, laterally ribless, ovate, 1.4–1.6 × 0.8 mm, apex awned, awn excurved, 0.3–0.5 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 3; anthers 0.7–1 mm; styles 0.5–1 mm; stigmas 0.6–1 mm. |
stamens 1–2; anthers 0.2 mm; styles 0.5 mm; stigmas 0.3 mm. |
Achenes | brown, sessile or stipitate, broadly ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm, stipe if present to 0.1 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
dark brown to black, sessile, obovoid, 0.6 × 0.4 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate. |
Cyperus involucratus |
Cyperus pumilus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting early summer–fall. | Fruiting spring–summer. |
Habitat | Damp, disturbed soils, ditches, stream banks | Disturbed, sandy soils |
Elevation | 0–100(–800) m [0–300(–2600) ft] | 0–50 m [0–160 ft] |
Distribution |
CA; FL; LA; TX; e Africa [Introduced in North America] |
FL; Asia; Africa (including Madagascar); Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America; West Indies (introduced)] |
Discussion | Cyperus involucratus has been collected in New York (R. S. Mitchell and G. C. Tucker 1997). Cyperus involucratus is widely cultivated as a water plant in greenhouses and outdoors in warm-temperate or tropical climates. It has long been misidentified in the flora as C. alternifolius Linnaeus, an endemic of Madagascar (G. C. Tucker 1983). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus pumilus is distinctive because it is our only distigmatic Cyperus with awned floral scales. Cyperus hyalinus Vahl, a southeastern Asian and Australian species, has recently been collected in Miami-Dade County, Florida (Mears s.n., EIU, VSC). This is an aberrant species sometimes placed in the monotypic genus Queenslandiella as Q. hyalina (Vahl) F. Ballard; it differs from C. pumilus in having deciduous rachillae as well as deciduous floral scales. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 150. | FNA vol. 23, p. 163. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. leucolepis, Juncellus leucolepis, Pycreus pumilus | |
Name authority | Rottbøll: Descr. Pl. Rar., 22. (1772) | Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. II, 6. (1756) |
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