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umbrella-plant

plains flatsedge

Habit Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous; base cormlike; rhizomes scaly, 12 cm × 2 mm.
Culms

trigonous, 30–150 cm × 1–5(–8) mm.

trigonous, 20–55 cm × 1.2–11.8 mm, glabrous.

Leaves

bladeless.

V-shaped, 12–30 cm × 2–3 mm.

Inflorescences

heads digitate, 15–30(–36) mm diam.;

rays (14–)20–22, (2–)5–12(–20) cm; 2d order rays 0.3–3(–4) cm; 3d order rays sometimes present, 0.3–2.5 cm;

bracts (4–)18–22, ± horizontal, flat, 15–27 cm × (1.5–)8–12 mm.

heads digitate, 12–20 mm diam.;

rays 7–12, 1–13 cm; 2d order rays 1–3 cm (sometimes absent);

bracts 3–5, longest ± erect, V-shaped, 5–12(–18) cm × 2–3 mm.

Spikelets

8–20, ovoid to linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 5–25 × 1.5–2 mm;

floral scales 8–28, laterally whitish or light brown, ± hyaline, medially light brown, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, 2-keeled in proximal 30–60%, deltate-ovate, 1.6–2.4 × (1–)1.2–1.5(–1.7) mm, apex acute.

(8–)20–30, linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 5–10(–14) × 1.4–1.7 mm;

floral scales (8–)16–26, laterally brown to reddish brown, medially green, laterally 1-ribbed, medially 3-ribbed, broadly elliptic, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.6 mm, apex with slightly excurved cusp 0.2–0.3 mm.

Flowers

stamens 3;

anthers 0.7–1 mm;

styles 0.5–1 mm;

stigmas 0.6–1 mm.

stamens 3;

anthers 1 mm, connective apex reddish, subulate, 0.1 mm;

styles 1–1.5 mm;

stigmas 1.5 mm.

Achenes

brown, sessile or stipitate, broadly ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm, stipe if present to 0.1 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate.

white to light brown, sessile, ellipsoid, 0.7–0.8 × 0.25–0.35 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate.

Cyperus involucratus

Cyperus onerosus

Phenology Fruiting early summer–fall. Fruiting early summer (May–Jun).
Habitat Damp, disturbed soils, ditches, stream banks Permanent pools and wet swales between sand dunes
Elevation 0–100(–800) m [0–300(–2600) ft] 1200 m [3900 ft]
Distribution
from FNA
CA; FL; LA; TX; e Africa [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
TX
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cyperus involucratus has been collected in New York (R. S. Mitchell and G. C. Tucker 1997).

Cyperus involucratus is widely cultivated as a water plant in greenhouses and outdoors in warm-temperate or tropical climates. It has long been misidentified in the flora as C. alternifolius Linnaeus, an endemic of Madagascar (G. C. Tucker 1983).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Of conservation concern.

Cyperus onerosus is apparently restricted to Andrews and Winkler counties in Texas.

This interesting endemic is most similar to Cyperus dentatus; it lacks tubers and apparently is not proliferous.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 150. Treatment authors: Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter *. FNA vol. 23, p. 151. Treatment authors: Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter *.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys
Sibling taxa
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
Name authority Rottbøll: Descr. Pl. Rar., 22. (1772) M. C. Johnston: SouthW. Naturalist 9: 308. (1964)
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