Cyperus involucratus |
Cyperus filicinus |
|
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umbrella-plant |
fern flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous, 30–150 cm × 1–5(–8) mm. |
trigonous, 5–50 cm × 0.4–2 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
flat, 10–30 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Inflorescences | heads digitate, 15–30(–36) mm diam.; rays (14–)20–22, (2–)5–12(–20) cm; 2d order rays 0.3–3(–4) cm; 3d order rays sometimes present, 0.3–2.5 cm; bracts (4–)18–22, ± horizontal, flat, 15–27 cm × (1.5–)8–12 mm. |
heads loosely globose, 10–22 mm diam.; rays 0–6, 1–7 cm; bracts 3–6, horizontal to slightly ascending, flat, 3–26 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Spikelets | 8–20, ovoid to linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 5–25 × 1.5–2 mm; floral scales 8–28, laterally whitish or light brown, ± hyaline, medially light brown, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, 2-keeled in proximal 30–60%, deltate-ovate, 1.6–2.4 × (1–)1.2–1.5(–1.7) mm, apex acute. |
6–20, linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 7–30 × 2–3 mm; floral scales 8–28, stramineous to light reddish brown, laterally ribless, ovate, 2.7–3.6 × 1.6–1.8 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 3; anthers 0.7–1 mm; styles 0.5–1 mm; stigmas 0.6–1 mm. |
stamens 2; anthers 0.5 mm, connective apex reddish, subulate, 0.1–0.2 mm; styles 1.9–2.1 mm; stigmas 1–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | brown, sessile or stipitate, broadly ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.4–0.6 mm, stipe if present to 0.1 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, oblong, 1.2–1.6 × 0.6–0.9 mm, base cuneate to ± stipelike, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate. |
Cyperus involucratus |
Cyperus filicinus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting early summer–fall. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Damp, disturbed soils, ditches, stream banks | Swales between dunes, upper edges of tidal marshes, occasionally emergent shorelines, roadsides, inland ditches |
Elevation | 0–100(–800) m [0–300(–2600) ft] | 0(–50) m [0(–160) ft] |
Distribution |
CA; FL; LA; TX; e Africa [Introduced in North America] |
CT; GA; IL; LA; MA; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; RI; SC; VA
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Discussion | Cyperus involucratus has been collected in New York (R. S. Mitchell and G. C. Tucker 1997). Cyperus involucratus is widely cultivated as a water plant in greenhouses and outdoors in warm-temperate or tropical climates. It has long been misidentified in the flora as C. alternifolius Linnaeus, an endemic of Madagascar (G. C. Tucker 1983). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 150. | FNA vol. 23, p. 160. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. polystachyos var. macrostachyos | |
Name authority | Rottbøll: Descr. Pl. Rar., 22. (1772) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 332. (1805) |
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