Cyperus hermaphroditus |
Cyperus cephalanthus |
|
---|---|---|
hermaphrodite flatsedge |
buttonbush flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous. |
Culms | trigonous, (10–)30–80(–140) cm × (0.4–)1–3(–5) mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, 40–70(–100) cm × 2–3 mm, scabrid or hirtellate, either immediately proximal to apex or over distal 1/2 of culm. |
Leaves | V-shaped or flanged V-shaped, (5–)15–70(–90) cm × (2–)4–10(–13) mm, glabrous. |
flat, 30–80 cm × 4–10 mm, scabrid on margins, ribs on abaxial surface. |
Inflorescences | spikes 1(–5), rather densely ovoid or oblong-cylindric, (10–)25–45(–62) × 7–22 mm, 11–21 spikelets per 5 mm of rachis; rays (3–)5–10(–17), (1–)5–12(–24) cm; bracts (2–)4–8, ascending at 30–45°, V- or inversely W-shaped, (2–)8–40(–65) cm × (1–)2–8 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings 0.4–0.5 mm wide. |
spikes ovoid, 12–20 × 13–18 mm; rays 3–6, 4–10(–16) cm, glabrous; bracts 3–5, ± horizontal to reflexed, 3–12(–36) cm × 0.4–3(–5) mm, scabrid like leaves; rachilla deciduous, essentially wingless or wings inconspicuous, hyaline, 0.1(–0.2) mm wide. |
Spikelets | (10–)50–150, oblong to linear, quadrangular, (3–)4–8(–18) × (0.8–)1–1.2(–1.6) mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales (1–) 3–8, pale greenish white to golden brown, deep brown, or reddish brown, medially usually green, weakly to strongly 3(–4)-ribbed laterally, 1–3-ribbed medially, ovate to elliptic, (2–)2.6–3.2(–4) × 1.2–2 mm, apex obtuse. |
25–50(–80), oblong, quadrangular-compressed, 5–10 × 2.5–3.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 4–10(–14), marginally clear, laterally brownish to clear distally, or light brown or reddish brown, blunt, laterally 3(–4)-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, 2.5–3 × (1.2–)1.4–2 mm, often erose apically, apex acute to obtuse, entire or emarginate. |
Flowers | anthers (0.4–)0.6–1 mm; styles 0.4–1.6 mm; stigmas 1–1.5 mm. |
anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; styles 0.8–1.2 mm; stigmas 2 mm. |
Achenes | brown or reddish brown, sessile or nearly so, ellipsoid, 1.4–1.8(–2) × 0.6–0.8(–1) mm, apex acute to obtuse, slightly apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown to reddish brown, ± stipitate, ellipsoid, 1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm, apex obtuse, scarcely to distinctly apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus hermaphroditus |
Cyperus cephalanthus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–fall. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Arroyos | Wet prairies |
Elevation | 500–1200 m (1600–3900 ft) | 0–50 m (0–200 ft) |
Distribution |
AZ; TX; Mexico; South America; West Indies |
LA; OK; TX; South America (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay) |
Discussion | An erroneous report of Cyperus hermaphroditus from Alabama was based on misidentification of C. thyrsiflorus. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The combination of spreading floral scales and scabrid culms separates this rather uncommon species from any others occurring in its range. The scarcity of Cyperus cephalanthus in the United States and its disjunct distribution suggest it might be naturalized rather than native. It was collected early in the nineteenth century in Louisiana, and the amphitropical distribution is not without parallel in the genus (cf. 12. C. eragrostis). Cyperus cephalanthus has been treated as a variety of the widespread, polymorphic South American C. laetus (G. Kükenthal 1935–1936). Recognition of C. cephalanthus as a species follows recent American floristic practice. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 186. | FNA vol. 23. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Carex hermaphrodita, Mariscus hermaphroditus, Mariscus jacquinii | C. laetus var. cephalanthus |
Name authority | (Jacquin) Standley: Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 88. (1916) | Torrey & Hooker: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York. 3: 431. (1836) |
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