Cyperus haspan |
Cyperus sanguinolentus |
|
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haspan flatsedge |
purpleglume flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, shortly rhizomatous. | Herbs, perennial; rhizomes ± horizontal, to 12 cm × 0.8–1.2 mm. |
Culms | trigonous, (2–)25–60(–100) cm × 1–4 mm, soft (flattened in drying), glabrous. |
± terete to roundly trigonous, 3–25(–60) cm × 0.3–2 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | usually reduced to sheaths, occasionally with blades, flat to V-shaped, (3–)10–30 cm × (1–)2.5–5 mm. |
1–3, V-shaped, 1–8(–15) cm × 1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | heads loosely digitate; rays (5–)10–12(–15), 1–15(–20) cm; 2d order rays usually present, (1–)6–12(–25) mm; 3d order rays sometimes present, 1–6 mm; bracts 2(–3), horizontal to ascending at 30–60°, longer (3–)6–18 cm × 2–4 mm, shorter (0.5–)2.5–6.5 cm × 1–2(–3) mm. |
spike 1, loosely ovoid, 7–14 × 8–20 mm; rays (0–)1–4, to 2(–3) cm; bracts 2–4, horizontal to ascending at 30(–45)°, V-shaped to flat, 1–8(–18) cm × 0.5–1.5(–2) mm. |
Spikelets | 1–15, linear-lanceoloid, ± compressed-quadrangular, 3–18 × 1–1.6 mm; floral scales 10–20(–40), laterally reddish to greenish brown, dull, often clear-edged, medially greenish, laterally 1-ribbed, medially 1-ribbed, oblong to obovate, 1–1.5(–1.9) × 0.8–1 mm, apex mucronate, glabrous except for cluster of crystalline prickles at apex. |
3–5(–14), oblong to linear-lanceoloid, 8–18 × 2–2.6(–3) mm; floral scales (6–)10–26(–32), laterally clear to light brown, sometimes with purplish margins, medially light brown, 2-keeled, laterally ribless, medially 2–3-ribbed, oblong to ovate, 1.9–2.2(–2.7) × 1.8–2.3 mm, apex obtuse. |
Flowers | stamens 3; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; styles 0.4–0.9 mm; stigmas 0.5–0.8(–1.3) mm. |
stamens 3; anthers ellipsoid, 0.3–0.6 mm, connective not prolonged; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas 1–1.5 mm. |
Achenes | white or reddish brown, stipitate, globose to obovoid or ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6(–0.7) × 0.3–0.4(–0.5) mm, base nearly cuneate, stipe 0.1 × 0.1–0.2 mm, apex obtuse to acute, apiculate or entire, surfaces granular to papillose. |
brown, ± stipitate, obovoid to ovoid, 1–1.4 × 0.6–0.8 mm, apex truncate, apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate. |
Cyperus haspan |
Cyperus sanguinolentus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting late summer–fall. |
Habitat | Swales between dunes, marshes, pond shores | Emergent shorelines, ditches |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 20 m (100 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Australia
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AL; GA; LA; MS; Asia; Africa [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Cyperus sanguinolentus is the only rhizomatous, distigmatic Cyperus in the eastern United States. An early collection from Louisiana was described as C. louisianensis, supposedly endemic. Recent field work and morphometric studies convincingly showed it to be an introduction of the Asian C. sanguinolentus) (J. R. Carter and C. T. Bryson 2001. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 151. | FNA vol. 23, p. 161. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. autumnalis, C. haspan subsp. juncoides, C. haspan var. americanus, C. juncoides | C. louisianensis, Pycreus sanguinolentus |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 45. (1753) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 351. (1805) |
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