Cyperus haspan |
Cyperus refractus |
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haspan flatsedge |
reflexed flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, shortly rhizomatous. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, with inconspicuous, short rhizomes scarcely visible between culm bases. |
Culms | trigonous, (2–)25–60(–100) cm × 1–4 mm, soft (flattened in drying), glabrous. |
basally cormlike, trigonous, 30–100 cm × 2–4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | usually reduced to sheaths, occasionally with blades, flat to V-shaped, (3–)10–30 cm × (1–)2.5–5 mm. |
V-shaped to flat, 20–70 cm × 3–8 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
Inflorescences | heads loosely digitate; rays (5–)10–12(–15), 1–15(–20) cm; 2d order rays usually present, (1–)6–12(–25) mm; 3d order rays sometimes present, 1–6 mm; bracts 2(–3), horizontal to ascending at 30–60°, longer (3–)6–18 cm × 2–4 mm, shorter (0.5–)2.5–6.5 cm × 1–2(–3) mm. |
spikes loose, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, 4–7 × 2–6 cm; rays 6–13(–16), 4–25 cm, glabrous; rachis 1.5–3 cm; bracts 3–6, horizontal to ascending at 30°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2.5–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.4–0.5 mm wide. |
Spikelets | 1–15, linear-lanceoloid, ± compressed-quadrangular, 3–18 × 1–1.6 mm; floral scales 10–20(–40), laterally reddish to greenish brown, dull, often clear-edged, medially greenish, laterally 1-ribbed, medially 1-ribbed, oblong to obovate, 1–1.5(–1.9) × 0.8–1 mm, apex mucronate, glabrous except for cluster of crystalline prickles at apex. |
(13–)20–60(–74), linear, ± terete, (11–)13–25(–28) × 1.2–1.5 mm; distal spikelets spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, (2–)3–6, stramineous, red-purple striate, laterally 3–5-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–5.3 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 3; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm; styles 0.4–0.9 mm; stigmas 0.5–0.8(–1.3) mm. |
anthers 1–1.5 mm; styles 1.5 mm; stigmas 1.5 mm. |
Achenes | white or reddish brown, stipitate, globose to obovoid or ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6(–0.7) × 0.3–0.4(–0.5) mm, base nearly cuneate, stipe 0.1 × 0.1–0.2 mm, apex obtuse to acute, apiculate or entire, surfaces granular to papillose. |
brown to purplish brown, oblong-linear (5–6 times long as wide), 2.6–3 × 0.5–0.6 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus haspan |
Cyperus refractus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer (Jul–Aug). |
Habitat | Swales between dunes, marshes, pond shores | Sandy riverbanks, gravelly roadsides, pastures, disturbed places |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 20–300 m (100–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Australia
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AL; AR; DC; GA; MD; MO; NC; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV |
Discussion | Cyperus refractus is often mistaken for C. strigosus, which has shorter anthers (0.4–0.5 mm) and spreading, ± deciduous floral scales. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 151. | FNA vol. 23, p. 182. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. autumnalis, C. haspan subsp. juncoides, C. haspan var. americanus, C. juncoides | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 45. (1753) | Engelmann ex Boeckeler: Linnaea 36: 369. 1870, based on Cyperus refrofractus Engelmann ex Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 47. 1855, not (Linnaeus) Torrey (1848) |
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