Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus granitophilus |
|
---|---|---|
giant flatsedge, Mexican papyrus |
granite flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, stout. | Herbs, annual, cespitose, with roots fibrous. |
Culms | roundly trigonous, 200–350 cm × 15–50 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
V-shaped to flat, (2–)4–11 cm × 3–4 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely cylindric, 15–40 × 8–16 mm; rays 5–8, ascending to erect, stiff,20–30 cm; 2d order rays 5–15 cm; bracts 10–12, ascending at 30–60°, flat, (8–) 20–45 cm × 4–12 mm; 2d order bracts (5–)15–25 cm × 1.5–5 mm; rachilla persistent, separating laterally, remaining firmly attached basally, wings 0.3–0.4 mm wide. |
rays absent; bracts 2–4, ± horizontal, flat, 1–6.5 cm × 2–3 mm; rachilla persistent, wingless. |
Spikelets | (15–)50–80, slightly compressed, linear, ± quadrangular, 5–12 × 0.6–1.4 mm; floral scales 8–20, appressed, reddish beside 5-ribbed green medial part, white to hyaline near margins, ovate, 1.8–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. |
10–40, compressed, ovoid to linear-lanceoloid, quadrangular, 5–9 × 2–3 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–20, spreading, pale greenish to reddish brown, laterally (5–)7–9(–13)-ribbed, ovate, 3–4 × 1–2 mm, apex straight, excurved mucronate, or cuspidate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.7–1 mm (connective prolonged beyond anther as red subulate appendage 0.2–0.5 mm, its apex sometimes setose); styles 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas (0.8–)1.2–1.8 mm. |
stamens 1–2; filaments 1.5 mm; anthers 0.8–1 mm, connective apex reddish yellow, less than 0.1 mm; styles 0.8–1 mm; stigmas 1–1.2 mm. |
Achenes | pale brown, sessile, oblong, 0.9–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex scarcely apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown to reddish brown, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, 0.8–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm, base ± cuneate, apex truncate-obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus granitophilus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Stream banks, marshes | Thin soil over outcrops of granite or sandstone of the Piedmont and inner coastal plain |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 50–400 m (200–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
LA; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America] |
AL; GA; NC; SC; TN; VA
|
Discussion | Cyperus giganteus was erroneously reported from Florida, a misidentification of C. papyrus (R. R. Haynes and A. Lasseigne 1969). Recently, some nurseries specializing in water plants have begun to offer C. giganteus under the name “Mexican papyrus.” Escaped cultivated plants may be expected in southeastern and southwestern United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus granitophilus is documented as an autotetraploid derivative of C. squarrosus (L. W. Garoni and W. H. Murdy 1964). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 173. | FNA vol. 23, p. 165. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 364. (1805) | McVaugh: Castanea 2: 103, figs. 4–8. (1937) |
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