Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus refractus |
|
---|---|---|
giant flatsedge, Mexican papyrus |
reflexed flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, stout. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, with inconspicuous, short rhizomes scarcely visible between culm bases. |
Culms | roundly trigonous, 200–350 cm × 15–50 mm, glabrous. |
basally cormlike, trigonous, 30–100 cm × 2–4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
V-shaped to flat, 20–70 cm × 3–8 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely cylindric, 15–40 × 8–16 mm; rays 5–8, ascending to erect, stiff,20–30 cm; 2d order rays 5–15 cm; bracts 10–12, ascending at 30–60°, flat, (8–) 20–45 cm × 4–12 mm; 2d order bracts (5–)15–25 cm × 1.5–5 mm; rachilla persistent, separating laterally, remaining firmly attached basally, wings 0.3–0.4 mm wide. |
spikes loose, broadly ellipsoid to ovoid, 4–7 × 2–6 cm; rays 6–13(–16), 4–25 cm, glabrous; rachis 1.5–3 cm; bracts 3–6, horizontal to ascending at 30°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2.5–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.4–0.5 mm wide. |
Spikelets | (15–)50–80, slightly compressed, linear, ± quadrangular, 5–12 × 0.6–1.4 mm; floral scales 8–20, appressed, reddish beside 5-ribbed green medial part, white to hyaline near margins, ovate, 1.8–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. |
(13–)20–60(–74), linear, ± terete, (11–)13–25(–28) × 1.2–1.5 mm; distal spikelets spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, (2–)3–6, stramineous, red-purple striate, laterally 3–5-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, 4.5–5.3 × 1.2–1.5 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.7–1 mm (connective prolonged beyond anther as red subulate appendage 0.2–0.5 mm, its apex sometimes setose); styles 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas (0.8–)1.2–1.8 mm. |
anthers 1–1.5 mm; styles 1.5 mm; stigmas 1.5 mm. |
Achenes | pale brown, sessile, oblong, 0.9–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex scarcely apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown to purplish brown, oblong-linear (5–6 times long as wide), 2.6–3 × 0.5–0.6 mm, base cuneate, apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus refractus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer (Jul–Aug). |
Habitat | Stream banks, marshes | Sandy riverbanks, gravelly roadsides, pastures, disturbed places |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 20–300 m (100–1000 ft) |
Distribution |
LA; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America] |
AL; AR; DC; GA; MD; MO; NC; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV |
Discussion | Cyperus giganteus was erroneously reported from Florida, a misidentification of C. papyrus (R. R. Haynes and A. Lasseigne 1969). Recently, some nurseries specializing in water plants have begun to offer C. giganteus under the name “Mexican papyrus.” Escaped cultivated plants may be expected in southeastern and southwestern United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus refractus is often mistaken for C. strigosus, which has shorter anthers (0.4–0.5 mm) and spreading, ± deciduous floral scales. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 173. | FNA vol. 23, p. 182. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 364. (1805) | Engelmann ex Boeckeler: Linnaea 36: 369. 1870, based on Cyperus refrofractus Engelmann ex Steudel, Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 47. 1855, not (Linnaeus) Torrey (1848) |
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