Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus microiria |
|
---|---|---|
giant flatsedge, Mexican papyrus |
lesser rice-field flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, stout. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | roundly trigonous, 200–350 cm × 15–50 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, (5–)20–60 cm × (0.2–)0.6–2.4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
(1–)3–4, V-shaped, 15–40 cm × 3–6 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely cylindric, 15–40 × 8–16 mm; rays 5–8, ascending to erect, stiff,20–30 cm; 2d order rays 5–15 cm; bracts 10–12, ascending at 30–60°, flat, (8–) 20–45 cm × 4–12 mm; 2d order bracts (5–)15–25 cm × 1.5–5 mm; rachilla persistent, separating laterally, remaining firmly attached basally, wings 0.3–0.4 mm wide. |
spikes 2–5(–8), oblong to ovoid, 2–10 cm × 3–12 mm; rays 4–8, to 11 cm; bracts (4–)5(–7), ascending at 45°, V-shaped, (1.5–)8–30(–50) cm × 1–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wingless (successive floral scales 1.1–1.5 mm apart). |
Spikelets | (15–)50–80, slightly compressed, linear, ± quadrangular, 5–12 × 0.6–1.4 mm; floral scales 8–20, appressed, reddish beside 5-ribbed green medial part, white to hyaline near margins, ovate, 1.8–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. |
10–30, spreading, compressed, linear, 4–20 × 1.5–2.1 mm; floral scales deciduous, (2–)6–26, laterally brown to golden brown, edges clear, medially green, 5-ribbed, outermost ribs more noticeable than others, obovate to nearly orbiculate, 1.3–1.8 × 1.2–1.8 mm, margins emarginate, apex mucronulate, mucro 0.2–0.25 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.7–1 mm (connective prolonged beyond anther as red subulate appendage 0.2–0.5 mm, its apex sometimes setose); styles 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas (0.8–)1.2–1.8 mm. |
stamens 2(–3); anthers (0.2–)0.3–0.4 mm, tips of connectives reddish, less than 0.1 mm; styles less than 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.2–0.4(–0.5) mm. |
Achenes | pale brown, sessile, oblong, 0.9–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex scarcely apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, slightly stipitate, obovoid, 1.2–1.4(–1.5) × 0.5–0.7 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus microiria |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Stream banks, marshes | Disturbed soils |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
LA; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America] |
CT; KY; MA; NJ; NY; OH; PA; e Asia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Cyperus giganteus was erroneously reported from Florida, a misidentification of C. papyrus (R. R. Haynes and A. Lasseigne 1969). Recently, some nurseries specializing in water plants have begun to offer C. giganteus under the name “Mexican papyrus.” Escaped cultivated plants may be expected in southeastern and southwestern United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The name Cyperus amuricus Maximowicz has been misapplied to C. microiria by some American authors (e.g., M. V. McGivney 1938). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 173. | FNA vol. 23, p. 166. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. iria var. microiria, C. iria var. parviflorus, C. iria var. rectangularis | |
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 364. (1805) | Steudel: Syn. Pl. Glumac. 2: 23. (1855) |
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