Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus elegans |
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giant flatsedge, Mexican papyrus |
royal flatsedge, sticky flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, stout. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, shortly rhizomatous, coarse, viscous. |
Culms | roundly trigonous, 200–350 cm × 15–50 mm, glabrous. |
round to roundly trigonous, 15–80 cm × 2–4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
adaxial face concave, becoming trigonous apically, 15–75 cm × 1–4 mm, margins involute. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely cylindric, 15–40 × 8–16 mm; rays 5–8, ascending to erect, stiff,20–30 cm; 2d order rays 5–15 cm; bracts 10–12, ascending at 30–60°, flat, (8–) 20–45 cm × 4–12 mm; 2d order bracts (5–)15–25 cm × 1.5–5 mm; rachilla persistent, separating laterally, remaining firmly attached basally, wings 0.3–0.4 mm wide. |
spikes ovoid, 10–20 mm wide; rays 3–8(–10), 0.5–12 cm; 2d order rays 0–3, 1–3 cm; bracts 3–7, horizontal to vertical, 2.5–5.5 cm × 1–4 mm, margins involute; 2d order bracts 0–3, 1–3 cm; rachilla persistent, wingless. |
Spikelets | (15–)50–80, slightly compressed, linear, ± quadrangular, 5–12 × 0.6–1.4 mm; floral scales 8–20, appressed, reddish beside 5-ribbed green medial part, white to hyaline near margins, ovate, 1.8–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. |
3–20(–30), beige to greenish or reddish brown, strongly compressed, oblong-ellipsoid to oblong-lanceoloid, 3–15 × 2.5–3.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–22, laterally pale greenish white to stramineous or reddish brown, medially pale green to yellowish green, laterally 2-ribbed, medially 3–5-ribbed, broadly ovate, (2–)2.8–3.6 × 2.4–2.6 mm, apex with slightly excurved mucro 0.2–0.3 mm, apically scabrid. |
Flowers | anthers 0.7–1 mm (connective prolonged beyond anther as red subulate appendage 0.2–0.5 mm, its apex sometimes setose); styles 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas (0.8–)1.2–1.8 mm. |
anthers 0.6–1.4 mm; styles 1.2–1.5 mm; stigmas 1–1.5(–3) mm. |
Achenes | pale brown, sessile, oblong, 0.9–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex scarcely apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
dark reddish brown to black, stipitate, obovoid, faces concave, flat or subtly convex, (1.4–)1.8–2 × 0.9–1 mm, base cuneate, stipe (sometimes absent) spongy, 0.1–0.2 × 0.2–0.4 mm, apex truncate, apiculate, surfaces coarsely papillose. |
Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus elegans |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Stream banks, marshes | Ditches, damp pastures, pond shores, riverbanks |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
LA; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America] |
FL; LA; NM; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America
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Discussion | Cyperus giganteus was erroneously reported from Florida, a misidentification of C. papyrus (R. R. Haynes and A. Lasseigne 1969). Recently, some nurseries specializing in water plants have begun to offer C. giganteus under the name “Mexican papyrus.” Escaped cultivated plants may be expected in southeastern and southwestern United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 173. | FNA vol. 23, p. 172. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. trachynotus | |
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 364. (1805) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 45. (1753) |
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