Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus echinatus |
|
---|---|---|
giant flatsedge, Mexican papyrus |
globe flatsedge, teasel sedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, stout. | Herbs, perennial, single-stemmed to loosely cespitose. |
Culms | roundly trigonous, 200–350 cm × 15–50 mm, glabrous. |
basally cormlike, trigonous, (15–)30–100 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | bladeless. |
flat to V-shaped, 10–65 cm × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
Inflorescences | spikes loosely cylindric, 15–40 × 8–16 mm; rays 5–8, ascending to erect, stiff,20–30 cm; 2d order rays 5–15 cm; bracts 10–12, ascending at 30–60°, flat, (8–) 20–45 cm × 4–12 mm; 2d order bracts (5–)15–25 cm × 1.5–5 mm; rachilla persistent, separating laterally, remaining firmly attached basally, wings 0.3–0.4 mm wide. |
spikes densely globose to globose-ovoid, 8–17 mm wide; rays 3–12, 2–12 cm, scaberous adaxially especially distally; rachis 4–8 mm; bracts (3–)4–7, ascending at 30(–45)°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2–9 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5–0.7 mm wide. |
Spikelets | (15–)50–80, slightly compressed, linear, ± quadrangular, 5–12 × 0.6–1.4 mm; floral scales 8–20, appressed, reddish beside 5-ribbed green medial part, white to hyaline near margins, ovate, 1.8–2.2 × 1.2–1.5 mm, apex acute to obtuse. |
50–100, oblong-lanceoloid, ± terete-quadrangular, (3.5–)4–7 × 1–1.4 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, 3–5, appressed, stramineous to brownish, 4-ribbed laterally, oblong-elliptic, 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.8 mm, membranous, apex entire or emarginate with mucro to 0.3 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.7–1 mm (connective prolonged beyond anther as red subulate appendage 0.2–0.5 mm, its apex sometimes setose); styles 0.2–0.5 mm; stigmas (0.8–)1.2–1.8 mm. |
anthers 0.4–0.8 mm; styles 0.5–0.6 mm; stigmas 1 mm. |
Achenes | pale brown, sessile, oblong, 0.9–1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, apex scarcely apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, ± stipitate, oblong, (1.5–)1.8–2.3 × 0.5–0.6(–0.7) mm (1/2 length of floral scales), apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus giganteus |
Cyperus echinatus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer–early fall. |
Habitat | Stream banks, marshes | Disturbed, sunny sites, in mesic places, well-drained soils |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
LA; TX; Mexico; Central America; South America; West Indies [Introduced in North America] |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; West Indies
|
Discussion | Cyperus giganteus was erroneously reported from Florida, a misidentification of C. papyrus (R. R. Haynes and A. Lasseigne 1969). Recently, some nurseries specializing in water plants have begun to offer C. giganteus under the name “Mexican papyrus.” Escaped cultivated plants may be expected in southeastern and southwestern United States. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The records for Rhode Island and Wisconsin are according to M. L. Horvat (1941); we have not seen specimens from those states. Cyperus echinatus is usually recognized by its tight, nearly spheric spikes; it may occasionally be hard to distinguish from C. croceus and C. retrorsus. Compared to C. retrorsus, C. echinatus has larger spikelets and longer floral scales, anthers, and achenes. In contrast to C. echinatus, C. croceus has looser spikes, shorter, broader, greenish or yellowish floral scales, shorter, more ovoid achenes, and shorter anthers. Furthermore, C. echinatus is predominantly an inland species of roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed ground; C. retrorsus is primarily a coastal species and occurs in drier, sandier sites. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 173. | FNA vol. 23, p. 182. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus echinatus, C. ovularis, C. ovularis var. americanus, C. ovularis var. sphaericus, C. ovularis var. wolfii, C. wolfii, Kyllinga ovularis, Mariscus ovularis | |
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 364. (1805) | (Linnaeus) Alph. Wood: Class-book Bot. ed. s.n.(b), 734. (1861) |
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