Cyperus fuligineus |
Cyperus prolixus |
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limestone flatsedge |
mosquito flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous. | Herbs, perennial; rhizomes 3–20 cm × 1–2 cm, indurate. |
Culms | trigonous, 7–30 cm × 0.5–1 mm, glabrous. |
stoutly trigonous, thickened, 50–300 cm × 5–30 mm, basally indurate, glabrous. |
Leaves | V-shaped to flat, 5–20 cm × 1–2.5 mm. |
V-shaped, with cross ribs, 40–130 cm × 10–15 mm, margins and keel scabrid. |
Inflorescences | spike hemispheric, 7–20 mm wide; rays absent; rachis 1–3 mm; bracts 2–3, reflexed, flat, 5–12 cm × 1–2 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings 0.2 mm wide. |
spikes appressed-ascending, narrowly cylindric, (2–)3–45 mm × (4–)7–10 mm; rays (5–)9–12, 2–22(–30) cm; 2d order rays distinctly flattened, 1–10 cm; 3d order rays flattened, 0.5–3 cm; rachis 2.5–4 cm; bracts (6–)9–10, ascending at 45–75°, V- or inversely W-shaped, (5–)15–90 cm × 0.5–20 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.2–0.4 mm wide. |
Spikelets | 30–50, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, 4–10 × 1.7–2.3 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–12, dark reddish brown, laterally 3–5-ribbed, ovate, 1.5–2.2 × 1–1.6 mm, apex with mucro 0.1–0.2 mm. |
(4–)10–35, appressed-ascending, compressed, linear, 7–12(–15) × 0.6–1.2 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–20, marginally clear, laterally brown, medially green, laterally 2–3-ribbed, medially 1-ribbed, oblong-ovate, (3.2–) 3.8–4.3 × 1.2–1.7 mm, apex spreading, acute to obtuse, mucronulate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.4–0.6 mm; styles 0.4–0.6 mm; stigmas 1–2 mm. |
anthers 0.7–0.9 mm, connective apex bright red, oblong, to 0.1 mm; styles 0.8–1.3 mm; stigmas 2–3.3 mm. |
Achenes | black, sessile, narrowly ellipsoid, 1–1.2 × 0.5–0.6 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, glabrous, puncticulate, or papillose. |
brown, sessile, narrowly ellipsoid, 1.8–2.5 × 0.8–1.3 mm, apex ± acute, not apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus fuligineus |
Cyperus prolixus |
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Phenology | Fruiting spring–summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Coastal rocks, exposed limestone in hammocks and edges of mangrove swamps | Coastal marshes |
Elevation | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) | 0–10 m (0–0 ft) |
Distribution |
FL; West Indies |
LA; Mexico; Central America; South America |
Discussion | Cyperus prolixus produces large plants, similar in habit to C. giganteus and C. papyrus but easily distinguished by flattened rays. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 175. | FNA vol. 23, p. 167. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. amplissimus | |
Name authority | Chapman: Fl. South. U.S., 511. (1860) | Kunth: in A. von Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 206. (1816) |
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