Cyperus flavescens |
Cyperus iria |
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pale flatsedge, yellow flatsedge |
rice-field flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous, (2–)4–30 cm × 0.4–2 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, (5–)20–60 cm × (0.2–) 0.6–2.4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | 1–5, (blades often absent, base of culm with 1 reddish sheath bearing minute blade tooth 1–2 mm), (3–)10–18 cm × (0.5–)1.5–2(–2.6) mm. |
(1–)3–4, V-shaped, 15–40 cm × 3–6 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes 1–3, ovoid or ± digitate, 10–30 × 8–26 mm; rays 1–4(–6), 0.5–3(–9) cm; bracts 2–3, approximately horizontal, 1–12 cm × 0.5–2.5 mm. |
spikes 2–5(–8), oblong to ovoid, 2–10 cm × 3–12 mm; rays 4–8, to 11 cm; bracts (4–)5(–7), ascending at 45°, V-shaped, (1.5–)8–30(–50) cm × 1–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wingless (successive floral scales 0.7–0.9 mm apart). |
Spikelets | 1–6, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, 5–15 × (2–)2.3–2.8 mm; floral scales (4–)8–24, closely imbricate, laterally yellow to yellowish brown, margins light brown to clear, medially green, laterally ribless, medially 2–3-ribbed, 2-keeled basally, ovate, (1.5–)1.8–2.2 × 1.8 mm, apex obtuse. |
10–30, compressed, linear to ellipsoid, 4–20 × 1.5–2.1 mm; floral scales deciduous, (2–)6–26, laterally brown to golden brown, edges clear, medially green, 5-ribbed, outermost ribs more noticeable than others, obovate to nearly orbiculate, 1.3–1.8 × 1.2–1.8 mm, margins emarginate, apex with mucro 0.05–0.12 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 3; anthers 0.4 mm, connectives not prolonged; styles 0.5–1 mm; stigmas 0.5–0.8 mm. |
stamens 2(–3); anthers (0.2–)0.3–0.4 mm, connective tips reddish, less than 0.1 mm; styles less than 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.2–0.4 mm. |
Achenes | jet black to reddish brown, slightly stipitate, obovoid, 1–1.2 × 0.8 mm, apex apiculate, surface with network of rectangular longitudinally elongate cells and transverse undulations. |
brown, slightly stipitate, obovoid, 1.2–1.4 × 0.5–0.7 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus flavescens |
Cyperus iria |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer–early fall. | Fruiting summer–fall (Jul–Oct). |
Habitat | Damp, often disturbed soils | Damp to moderately dry, disturbed soils |
Elevation | 0–800 m (0–2600 ft) | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; CA; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; MI; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; ON; South America; West Indies; Eurasia; Africa
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AL; AR; CA; CT; FL; GA; IL; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NY; OK; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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Discussion | North American populations have been distinguished as Cyperus flavescens var. poiformis; their taxonomic separation was not supported by M. L. Corcoran’s (1941) careful study. Plants of Mexico and Central America consistently have purplish rather than yellowish floral scales and may be recognized as C. flavescens var. piceus (Liebmann) Fernald (G. C. Tucker 1983, 1994). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus iria was first recorded in the New World from the southeastern United States in the 1840s. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 162. | FNA vol. 23, p. 166. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. flavescens var. poiformis, C. poiformis, Pycreus flavescens | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 46. (1753) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 45. (1753) |
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