Cyperus filiculmis |
Cyperus ligularis |
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Alabama swamp flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose; rhizomes knotted, beaded. | Herbs, perennial, solitary or cespitose, rhizomatous, coarse. |
Culms | trigonous, 15–48 cm × 0.4–1 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, (30–)60–130 cm × 1–4(–9) mm, densely papillose, otherwise glabrous. |
Leaves | flat, 10–30 cm × 0.5–2 mm. |
with cross ribs prominent, V-shaped, 30–100 cm × 5–13(–20) mm, margins, keel incisive with brownish prickles, papillose throughout, margins and midribs harshly scabrid. |
Inflorescences | spikes rather densely ovoid, 1–3.5 cm; rays 0 (sometimes 1–4), 1–6 cm; rachis 1–4 mm; bracts 3–4, horizontal to slightly reflexed, flat, 6–25 cm; rachilla ± deciduous, wingless. |
spikes 3–7, densely oblong-cylindric to ± globose, 10–28(–35) × 8–12(–15) mm; rays 5–12, 1–16 cm, densely papillose; bracts 5–12, ascending at 30–75°, flat to V-shaped, 4–50(–90) cm × 1–15 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings persistent, (0.2–)0.3–0.5(–0.6) mm. |
Spikelets | 25–60, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, 5–12 × 2.2–3.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–15, yellowish to yellowish brown, laterally 4–5-ribbed, oblong-ovate, 2.6–3.6 × 1.4–2 mm, margins loosely spreading or clasping achene. |
20–80, oblong-ellipsoid, ± terete, slightly compressed, 3–7 × 1–2(–2.7) mm; distal spikelets spreading or ascending; floral scales (2–)4–7, appressed, clear to brownish, reddish streaked, medially green, 9–11-ribbed, ovate, (2–)2.5–3.3 × 1.2–2.3 mm, apex acute, mucronate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.8–1 mm; styles 1 mm; stigmas 1.5–2.5 mm. |
anthers 0.6–0.8 mm, styles 0.5–1 mm; stigmas 1–2.3 mm. |
Achenes | dark grayish brown, sessile, narrowly oblong, 1.8–2.2 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, slightly stipitate, obovoid to broadly ellipsoid, (1.2–)1.5–1.6(–1.7) × 0.6–0.8 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus filiculmis |
Cyperus ligularis |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting throughout the year. |
Habitat | Well-drained, open roadsides, fields, pine barrens, dunes | Beaches, brackish marshes, mangrove swamps, disturbed soils, ditches, riverbanks, coastal croplands |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0 m (0 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA |
FL; Mexico; Central America; South America; w Africa
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Discussion | Cyperus filiculmis has long been treated within a broader and more widely used concept of C. filiculmis (C. lupulinus); see B. G. Marcks (1974) (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
The papillose culms, rays, and leaves of Cyperus ligularis distinguish it from all other North American species of Cyperus. Reports of Cyperus ligularis from California (G. C. Tucker 1993b) were based on specimens of C. owanii. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 175. | FNA vol. 23, p. 190. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. martindalei | Mariscus rufus |
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 328. (1805) | Linnaeus: Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 867. (1759) |
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