Cyperus filiculmis |
Cyperus erythrorhizos |
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red-root cyperus, red-root flat sedge, redroot nutgrass |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose; rhizomes knotted, beaded. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous, 15–48 cm × 0.4–1 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous to roundly trigonous, (0.5–)5–25(–105) cm × 1–2.5(–7.5) mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | flat, 10–30 cm × 0.5–2 mm. |
flat to inversely W-shaped, 5–25(–90) cm × 2–5(–11) mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes rather densely ovoid, 1–3.5 cm; rays 0 (sometimes 1–4), 1–6 cm; rachis 1–4 mm; bracts 3–4, horizontal to slightly reflexed, flat, 6–25 cm; rachilla ± deciduous, wingless. |
spikes 1–3(–6), rather densely cylindric-ovoid, (4–)10–30(–45) × (6–)10–16(–23) mm; rays 2–6(–12), 1–8(–28) cm; bracts (3–)5–7(–11), horizontal to ascending at 30°, inversely W-shaped, (3–)10–20(–70) cm × 1–3(–12) mm; rachilla persistent, at maturity becoming laterally free, remaining firmly attached proximally, wings 0.3(–0.4) mm wide. |
Spikelets | 25–60, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, 5–12 × 2.2–3.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 5–15, yellowish to yellowish brown, laterally 4–5-ribbed, oblong-ovate, 2.6–3.6 × 1.4–2 mm, margins loosely spreading or clasping achene. |
(20–)40–80, linear, quadrangular, 3–8(–11) × 1–1.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–16(–30), appressed, laterally light brown with reddish speckles, medially greenish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, oblong-ovate to obovate, quadrangular to subterete, 1.3–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, mucronulate. |
Flowers | anthers 0.8–1 mm; styles 1 mm; stigmas 1.5–2.5 mm. |
anthers 0.2–0.3 mm, connectives 0.1 mm; styles 0.7–0.8 mm; stigmas 0.4 mm. |
Achenes | dark grayish brown, sessile, narrowly oblong, 1.8–2.2 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
light grayish to brown, sessile, ovoid, (0.4–)0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, apex rounded, apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
Cyperus filiculmis |
Cyperus erythrorhizos |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Well-drained, open roadsides, fields, pine barrens, dunes | Emergent shorelines |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; MB; ON; Mexico (Baja California)
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Discussion | Cyperus filiculmis has long been treated within a broader and more widely used concept of C. filiculmis (C. lupulinus); see B. G. Marcks (1974) (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 175. | FNA vol. 23, p. 172. |
Parent taxa | ||
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. martindalei | C. cupreus, C. erythrorhizos var. cupreus, C. occidentalis, C. washingtonensis |
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 328. (1805) | Muhlenberg: Descr. Gram., 20. (1817) |
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