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foxtail flatsedge

Habit Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose; rhizomes knotted, beaded. Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, coarse.
Culms

trigonous, 15–48 cm × 0.4–1 mm, glabrous.

trigonous, 150–250 cm × 2–15 mm, glabrous.

Leaves

flat, 10–30 cm × 0.5–2 mm.

inversely W-shaped, 30–150 cm × 6–22 mm.

Inflorescences

spikes rather densely ovoid, 1–3.5 cm;

rays 0 (sometimes 1–4), 1–6 cm;

rachis 1–4 mm;

bracts 3–4, horizontal to slightly reflexed, flat, 6–25 cm;

rachilla ± deciduous, wingless.

spikes 1–4, cylindric, 1.5–4 cm × 7–15 mm;

rays 3–9, 10–26 cm; 2d order rays 2–11 cm; 3d order rays 1–4 cm (or absent);

bracts 3–5, ± horizontal, 20–100 cm × 3–15 mm; 2d order bracts 2–7 cm × 2–7 mm; 3d order bracts 2–5 cm × 2–4 mm (or absent);

rachilla persistent, wingless or wing hyaline, narrow, 0.1 mm wide.

Spikelets

25–60, compressed, oblong-lanceoloid, 5–12 × 2.2–3.5 mm;

floral scales deciduous, 5–15, yellowish to yellowish brown, laterally 4–5-ribbed, oblong-ovate, 2.6–3.6 × 1.4–2 mm, margins loosely spreading or clasping achene.

50–100, linear, ± quadrangular, slightly compressed, 8–11 × 0.9–1.2 mm;

floral scales 15–30, marginally clear, laterally reddish along midrib, medially green, laterally 3–4 ribbed, medially 3–5-ribbed, ovate, 1–2–1.6 × 1.1–1.3 mm, apex mucronulate.

Flowers

anthers 0.8–1 mm;

styles 1 mm;

stigmas 1.5–2.5 mm.

anthers 2, 0.4–0.5 mm;

styles 0.8–1 mm;

stigmas 2, 0.4 mm.

Achenes

dark grayish brown, sessile, narrowly oblong, 1.8–2.2 × 0.5–0.8 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate.

dark brown, sessile, ellipsoid to obovoid, 0.9 × 0.4–0.5 mm, surfaces finely puncticulate.

Cyperus filiculmis

Cyperus alopecuroides

Phenology Fruiting summer. Fruiting summer.
Habitat Well-drained, open roadsides, fields, pine barrens, dunes Pond shores, stream banks
Elevation 0–200 m (0–700 ft) 0–30 m (0–100 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AL; FL; GA; LA; MD; MS; NC; SC; TX; VA
from FNA
FL; West Indies; Asia; Africa; Australia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cyperus filiculmis has long been treated within a broader and more widely used concept of C. filiculmis (C. lupulinus); see B. G. Marcks (1974)

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cyperus alopecuroides has been introduced in Polk County, Florida.

Plants of Cyperus alopecuroides might be confused with C. digitatus; large size and the biconvex achenes with two stigmas characterize C. alopecuroides.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 23, p. 175. FNA vol. 23, p. 173.
Parent taxa Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus
Sibling taxa
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. alopecuroides, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
C. acuminatus, C. aggregatus, C. amabilis, C. articulatus, C. bipartitus, C. cephalanthus, C. compressus, C. croceus, C. cuspidatus, C. dentatus, C. dentoniae, C. diandrus, C. difformis, C. digitatus, C. dipsaceus, C. distans, C. distinctus, C. drummondii, C. echinatus, C. elegans, C. entrerianus, C. eragrostis, C. erythrorhizos, C. esculentus, C. fendlerianus, C. filicinus, C. filiculmis, C. filiformis, C. flavescens, C. flavicomus, C. floribundus, C. fugax, C. fuligineus, C. fuscus, C. giganteus, C. gracilis, C. granitophilus, C. grayi, C. grayoides, C. haspan, C. hermaphroditus, C. houghtonii, C. hypopitys, C. hystricinus, C. involucratus, C. iria, C. laevigatus, C. lancastriensis, C. lanceolatus, C. lecontei, C. lentiginosus, C. ligularis, C. lupulinus, C. manimae, C. microiria, C. mutisii, C. niger, C. ochraceus, C. odoratus, C. onerosus, C. ovatus, C. owanii, C. oxylepis, C. pallidicolor, C. papyrus, C. parishii, C. pilosus, C. planifolius, C. plukenetii, C. polystachyos, C. prolifer, C. prolixus, C. pseudothyrsiflorus, C. pseudovegetus, C. pumilus, C. reflexus, C. refractus, C. retroflexus, C. retrofractus, C. retrorsus, C. rotundus, C. sanguinolentus, C. schweinitzii, C. serotinus, C. seslerioides, C. setigerus, C. spectabilis, C. sphacelatus, C. sphaerolepis, C. squarrosus, C. strigosus, C. surinamensis, C. tetragonus, C. thyrsiflorus, C. virens
Synonyms C. martindalei
Name authority Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 328. (1805) Rottbøll: Descr. Pl. Rar., 20. (1772)
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