Cyperus erythrorhizos |
Cyperus filicinus |
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red-root cyperus, red-root flat sedge, redroot nutgrass |
fern flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous to roundly trigonous, (0.5–)5–25(–105) cm × 1–2.5(–7.5) mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, 5–50 cm × 0.4–2 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | flat to inversely W-shaped, 5–25(–90) cm × 2–5(–11) mm. |
flat, 10–30 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes 1–3(–6), rather densely cylindric-ovoid, (4–)10–30(–45) × (6–)10–16(–23) mm; rays 2–6(–12), 1–8(–28) cm; bracts (3–)5–7(–11), horizontal to ascending at 30°, inversely W-shaped, (3–)10–20(–70) cm × 1–3(–12) mm; rachilla persistent, at maturity becoming laterally free, remaining firmly attached proximally, wings 0.3(–0.4) mm wide. |
heads loosely globose, 10–22 mm diam.; rays 0–6, 1–7 cm; bracts 3–6, horizontal to slightly ascending, flat, 3–26 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Spikelets | (20–)40–80, linear, quadrangular, 3–8(–11) × 1–1.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–16(–30), appressed, laterally light brown with reddish speckles, medially greenish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, oblong-ovate to obovate, quadrangular to subterete, 1.3–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, mucronulate. |
6–20, linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 7–30 × 2–3 mm; floral scales 8–28, stramineous to light reddish brown, laterally ribless, ovate, 2.7–3.6 × 1.6–1.8 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.2–0.3 mm, connectives 0.1 mm; styles 0.7–0.8 mm; stigmas 0.4 mm. |
stamens 2; anthers 0.5 mm, connective apex reddish, subulate, 0.1–0.2 mm; styles 1.9–2.1 mm; stigmas 1–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | light grayish to brown, sessile, ovoid, (0.4–)0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, apex rounded, apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
brown, oblong, 1.2–1.6 × 0.6–0.9 mm, base cuneate to ± stipelike, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate. |
Cyperus erythrorhizos |
Cyperus filicinus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Emergent shorelines | Swales between dunes, upper edges of tidal marshes, occasionally emergent shorelines, roadsides, inland ditches |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 0(–50) m (0(–200) ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; MB; ON; Mexico (Baja California)
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CT; GA; IL; LA; MA; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; RI; SC; VA
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 172. | FNA vol. 23, p. 160. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. cupreus, C. erythrorhizos var. cupreus, C. occidentalis, C. washingtonensis | C. polystachyos var. macrostachyos |
Name authority | Muhlenberg: Descr. Gram., 20. (1817) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 332. (1805) |
Web links |
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