Cyperus erythrorhizos |
Cyperus croceus |
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red-root cyperus, red-root flat sedge, redroot nutgrass |
Baldwin's flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose. | Herbs perennial, cespitose. |
Culms | trigonous to roundly trigonous, (0.5–)5–25(–105) cm × 1–2.5(–7.5) mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, (4–)14–45 cm × 1–2 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | flat to inversely W-shaped, 5–25(–90) cm × 2–5(–11) mm. |
yellow-green, flat, 18–44 cm × 3–4.5 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes 1–3(–6), rather densely cylindric-ovoid, (4–)10–30(–45) × (6–)10–16(–23) mm; rays 2–6(–12), 1–8(–28) cm; bracts (3–)5–7(–11), horizontal to ascending at 30°, inversely W-shaped, (3–)10–20(–70) cm × 1–3(–12) mm; rachilla persistent, at maturity becoming laterally free, remaining firmly attached proximally, wings 0.3(–0.4) mm wide. |
spikes densely to loosely globose to ovoid, 10–20 mm wide; rays (3–)5–9(–14), 1–15(–26) cm; rachis 3–6(–9) mm; bracts (4–)6–9(–11), horizontal to ascending at 45°, flat, 1–30 cm × 0.5–4 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings persistent, 0.3–0.5(–0.8) mm wide. |
Spikelets | (20–)40–80, linear, quadrangular, 3–8(–11) × 1–1.5 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–16(–30), appressed, laterally light brown with reddish speckles, medially greenish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, oblong-ovate to obovate, quadrangular to subterete, 1.3–1.5 × 0.8–1.2 mm, apex obtuse, mucronulate. |
(10–)30–50, oblong to lanceoloid, quadrangular to subterete, compressed, 4–8 × 1–1.3 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, (1–)2–4(–6), appressed, whitish with red speckles, laterally 2–4-ribbed, ovate, 2.3–3.6 × 1.8–2.2 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.2–0.3 mm, connectives 0.1 mm; styles 0.7–0.8 mm; stigmas 0.4 mm. |
anthers 0.5 mm; styles 0.6–1.3 mm; stigmas 1.2–2.6 mm. |
Achenes | light grayish to brown, sessile, ovoid, (0.4–)0.7–1 × 0.4–0.6 mm, apex rounded, apiculate, surfaces glabrous. |
reddish brown to nearly black, sessile, oblong, ellipsoid, 2–2.4 × 0.4–0.5(–0.7) mm, apex ± truncate-emarginate, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus erythrorhizos |
Cyperus croceus |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer–early fall. |
Habitat | Emergent shorelines | Disturbed, sunny areas, coastal rocks, moist thickets |
Elevation | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; AZ; CA; CT; DC; DE; FL; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; WA; WI; WV; MB; ON; Mexico (Baja California)
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AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (Venezuela)
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Discussion | Cyperus globulosus Aublet is a synonym of C. luzulae (Linnaeus) Rottbøll ex Retzius, which is a widespread neotropical species, and it has long been misapplied to Cyperus croceus (G. C. Tucker 1987). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 172. | FNA vol. 23, p. 183. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. cupreus, C. erythrorhizos var. cupreus, C. occidentalis, C. washingtonensis | C. baldwinii, C. cyclostachyus, C. echinatus var. multiflora, C. globulosus var. pseudofiliculmis, C. globulosus var. robustus, C. plankii, C. retrorsus var. robustus, Mariscus bracheilema, Mariscus brittonii |
Name authority | Muhlenberg: Descr. Gram., 20. (1817) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 357. (1805) |
Web links |
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