Cyperus entrerianus |
Cyperus hypopitys |
|
---|---|---|
woodrush flatsedge |
pine flatsedge, pinewoods sedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, coarse; rhizomes (seldom collected) indurate, oblique, 5–12 mm wide, with fibrous brown floral scales, 1–5 cm. | Herbs, perennial, rhizomatous, tending to form small clumps by basal offshoots. |
Culms | 1–3, trigonous to roundly trigonous, (30–)40–65(–95) cm × (1–)2–3 mm. |
triquetrous, bulbous, thickened, (20–)30–80(–90) cm × 0.7–1.2 mm, glabrous proximally, becoming trigonous strongly scabridulous on distal angles, clothed with persistent reddish fibers at base. |
Leaves | (1–)5–10, V-shaped, (10–)30–45(–70) cm × 3–7 mm. |
flat to V-shaped, 20–45 cm × 2–4 mm. |
Inflorescences | heads loosely to densely globose-ovoid, (6–)10–12(–20) mm diam.; rays 6–10(–12), 1–8(–12) cm; 2d order rays 1–4, 5–15(–23) mm; bracts (5–)6–8(–10), ascending at 45–60(–75)°, V-shaped, (5–)15–40(–55) cm × (1–)3–7 mm. |
spike 1, loosely ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, (1.5–)2.5–7 × (1–)1.5–3.5 cm; rays (1–)2–4, to 6 cm; 2d order rays rarely present, to 2 cm; 3d order rays absent; bracts (2–) 3, ± horizontal, 1–15(–21) cm × 0.4–3.5 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings hyaline, 0.3–0.4 mm wide. |
Spikelets | (1–)30–50(–65), greenish white, linear to broadly ellipsoid, flattened, 4–6.5 × 1.8–3.2 mm; floral scales (10–)16–20(–26), laterally clear, pale green, off-white, or light brown, medially green or light brown, laterally weakly 1-ribbed, medially 2-ribbed, basally 2-keeled, oblong-lanceolate, (1.2–)1.4–1.6(–1.8) × (0.7–)0.8–1 mm, apex acute, mucronate, distally glabrous or scabridulous. |
(3–)8–26, reddish to reddish brown, linear, compressed-quadrangular, 8–18 × (2.4–)2.8–4 mm; floral scales deciduous, 6–16, laterally reddish, medially green, occasionally red-glandular, laterally strongly 3(–4)-ribbed, medially punctate, 1–3-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, (2.6–)2.8–3.3 × (1.4–)1.6–1.8(–2) mm, apex weakly 3-dentate, mucronulate, with tuft of crystalline prickles, medially glabrous. |
Flowers | stamen 1; anthers ellipsoid, 0.6–0.7 mm, connective apex acute, 0.1–0.2 mm; styles 0.2–0.4 mm; stigmas 0.4–0.6 mm. |
anthers 0.8–1.1 mm; styles 1–1.4 mm; stigmas 1–1.4 mm. |
Achenes | brown, stipitate, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, broadly rounded or contracted basally, gradually tapered toward apex, 0.9–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, stipe 0.1 mm, apex acute, surfaces finely reticulate. |
brownish, stipitate, ellipsoid, 1.6–2 × (0.7–)0.9–1 mm, base whitish, stipe to 0.1–0.2 mm, apex obtuse, slightly apiculate, surfaces papillose. |
Cyperus entrerianus |
Cyperus hypopitys |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting late summer–early fall. |
Habitat | Roadside ditches, marshes | Canyons in pine forests |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 500–1500 m (1600–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; TX; Mexico; South America; Central America (Nicaragua) [Introduced in North America]
|
AZ; Mexico (Chihuahua, Durango, Sinaloa, Sonora) |
Discussion | Cyperus entrerianus is a recent introduction in the southern United States (earliest collection from Pensacola County, Florida, Brinker 413, MO in 1941). It has been confused with C. luzulae. The species that Boeckeler had first described 50 years earlier was accepted by G. Kükenthal (1935–1936). Cyperus entrerianus was accepted as a variety of C. luzulae by A. B. Ayers (1946); M. F. Denton (1978b) considered C. entrerianus a synonym of C. luzulae, stating that the features of these two taxa merged so completely throughout their geographic ranges that C. entrerianus could not be given specific status. Cyperus luzulae in the strict sense does not extend northward to North America. Morphologic differences between Cyperus entrerianus and C. luzulae are as follows (G. C. Tucker 1994). Cyperus entrerianus has culms 40–75 cm; inflorescence bracts ascending at 45–60°; primary rays ascending at 45–60(–75)°; 2d order rays present; heads of spikelets loosely globose-ovoid, light greenish white to golden brown; rachilla dark red with stramineous scale scars; and scale apices acute. Cyperus luzulae has culms 20–40 cm; inflorescence bracts approximately horizontal; primary rays ascending at 15–30°; 2d order rays absent; heads of spikelets densely oblong to pyramidal, bright to dull white; rachilla green throughout; and scale apices rounded. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Cyperus hypopitys can be recognized by the combination of reddish floral scales and sharp-angled culms. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23. | FNA vol. 23, p. 178. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. luzulae var. entrerianus | |
Name authority | Boeckeler: Flora 61: 139. (1878) | G. C. Tucker: Syst. Bot. Monogr. 43: 129, fig. 54. (1994) |
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