Cyperus entrerianus |
Cyperus gracilis |
|
---|---|---|
woodrush flatsedge |
slimjim flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, coarse; rhizomes (seldom collected) indurate, oblique, 5–12 mm wide, with fibrous brown floral scales, 1–5 cm. | Herbs, annual or perennial. |
Culms | 1–3, trigonous to roundly trigonous, (30–)40–65(–95) cm × (1–)2–3 mm. |
weak, often arching, basally culmlike, weakly 4(–5)-angled, 10–30 cm × 0.2–0.4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | (1–)5–10, V-shaped, (10–)30–45(–70) cm × 3–7 mm. |
1–4, 3–25 cm × 1–1.5 mm. |
Inflorescences | heads loosely to densely globose-ovoid, (6–)10–12(–20) mm diam.; rays 6–10(–12), 1–8(–12) cm; 2d order rays 1–4, 5–15(–23) mm; bracts (5–)6–8(–10), ascending at 45–60(–75)°, V-shaped, (5–)15–40(–55) cm × (1–)3–7 mm. |
rays absent, often proliferous; bracts 2–4, longest erect, looking like continuation of culm, V-shaped, 3–6 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Spikelets | (1–)30–50(–65), greenish white, linear to broadly ellipsoid, flattened, 4–6.5 × 1.8–3.2 mm; floral scales (10–)16–20(–26), laterally clear, pale green, off-white, or light brown, medially green or light brown, laterally weakly 1-ribbed, medially 2-ribbed, basally 2-keeled, oblong-lanceolate, (1.2–)1.4–1.6(–1.8) × (0.7–)0.8–1 mm, apex acute, mucronate, distally glabrous or scabridulous. |
1–3(–6), narrowly ellipsoid, weakly compressed, 5–10 × 2 mm; floral scales 8–16, laterally whitish or dull stramineous, medially green, weakly 3–4-ribbed, broadly ovate, 2.5 × 2 mm, apex acute to mucronate, mucro slightly excurved, 0.2–0.3 mm. |
Flowers | stamen 1; anthers ellipsoid, 0.6–0.7 mm, connective apex acute, 0.1–0.2 mm; styles 0.2–0.4 mm; stigmas 0.4–0.6 mm. |
stamens 3; styles 0.8 mm; stigmas 1–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | brown, stipitate, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, broadly rounded or contracted basally, gradually tapered toward apex, 0.9–1.1 × 0.3–0.4 mm, stipe 0.1 mm, apex acute, surfaces finely reticulate. |
brown, stipitate, obovoid, abaxial angle more prominent than adaxial ones, 0.7 × 0.7 mm, apex emarginate, surfaces glabrous. |
Cyperus entrerianus |
Cyperus gracilis |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer–early fall. |
Habitat | Roadside ditches, marshes | Disturbed, moist areas |
Elevation | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) | 0–100 m (0–300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; FL; GA; LA; MS; TX; Mexico; South America; Central America (Nicaragua) [Introduced in North America]
|
CA; Australia [Introduced in North America] |
Discussion | Cyperus entrerianus is a recent introduction in the southern United States (earliest collection from Pensacola County, Florida, Brinker 413, MO in 1941). It has been confused with C. luzulae. The species that Boeckeler had first described 50 years earlier was accepted by G. Kükenthal (1935–1936). Cyperus entrerianus was accepted as a variety of C. luzulae by A. B. Ayers (1946); M. F. Denton (1978b) considered C. entrerianus a synonym of C. luzulae, stating that the features of these two taxa merged so completely throughout their geographic ranges that C. entrerianus could not be given specific status. Cyperus luzulae in the strict sense does not extend northward to North America. Morphologic differences between Cyperus entrerianus and C. luzulae are as follows (G. C. Tucker 1994). Cyperus entrerianus has culms 40–75 cm; inflorescence bracts ascending at 45–60°; primary rays ascending at 45–60(–75)°; 2d order rays present; heads of spikelets loosely globose-ovoid, light greenish white to golden brown; rachilla dark red with stramineous scale scars; and scale apices acute. Cyperus luzulae has culms 20–40 cm; inflorescence bracts approximately horizontal; primary rays ascending at 15–30°; 2d order rays absent; heads of spikelets densely oblong to pyramidal, bright to dull white; rachilla green throughout; and scale apices rounded. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Carex gracilis comprises diminutive plants with a delicate, arching habit and distinctive knoblike angles to the achenes. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23. | FNA vol. 23. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. luzulae var. entrerianus | |
Name authority | Boeckeler: Flora 61: 139. (1878) | R. Brown: Prodr., 213. (1810) |
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