Cyperus echinatus |
Cyperus lancastriensis |
|
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globe flatsedge, teasel sedge |
manyflower flatsedge, Porter's sedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, single-stemmed to loosely cespitose. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, with inconspicuous, short rhizomes scarcely visible between culm bases. |
Culms | basally cormlike, trigonous, (15–)30–100 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. |
basally cormlike, trigonous, (10–)20–80 cm × 1–3 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | flat to V-shaped, 10–65 cm × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
inversely W-shaped, 20–70 cm × 5–11 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
Inflorescences | spikes densely globose to globose-ovoid, 8–17 mm wide; rays 3–12, 2–12 cm, scaberous adaxially especially distally; rachis 4–8 mm; bracts (3–)4–7, ascending at 30(–45)°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2–9 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5–0.7 mm wide. |
spikes densely ellipsoid to obovoid, 2.5–4.3 × 1.5–3 cm; rays 5–10, 4–20 cm, glabrous; rachis 7–14 mm; bracts 3–8, horizontal to ascending at 45°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2.5–6 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5 mm wide. |
Spikelets | 50–100, oblong-lanceoloid, ± terete-quadrangular, (3.5–)4–7 × 1–1.4 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, 3–5, appressed, stramineous to brownish, 4-ribbed laterally, oblong-elliptic, 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.8 mm, membranous, apex entire or emarginate with mucro to 0.3 mm. |
50–90, linear-lanceoloid to linear-subulate, ± terete-quadrangular, (11–)12–13(–15) × 1.1–1.6 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, 3–6(–8), appressed, whitish green or often yellow-tinted, sometimes reddish striate, laterally 4-ribbed, ovate-lanceolate, (3.9–)4.2–4.6(–4.8) × 1.6–2 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.4–0.8 mm; styles 0.5–0.6 mm; stigmas 1 mm. |
anthers 0.7–1 mm; styles 1–1.5 mm; stigmas 2–3 mm. |
Achenes | brown, ± stipitate, oblong, (1.5–)1.8–2.3 × 0.5–0.6(–0.7) mm (1/2 length of floral scales), apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
yellowish brown to brown, ± stipitate, conspicuously falcate, 3–4 times long as wide, oblong, 2.2–2.6 × 0.6–0.7 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus echinatus |
Cyperus lancastriensis |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–early fall. | Fruiting summer (Jul–Aug). |
Habitat | Disturbed, sunny sites, in mesic places, well-drained soils | Disturbed, sunny or partly shaded places in mesic or dry-mesic soils, often on riverbanks and flood plains |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0–800 m (0–2600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; West Indies
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AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; KY; MD; MO; NC; NJ; OH; PA; SC; TN; VA; WV
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Discussion | The records for Rhode Island and Wisconsin are according to M. L. Horvat (1941); we have not seen specimens from those states. Cyperus echinatus is usually recognized by its tight, nearly spheric spikes; it may occasionally be hard to distinguish from C. croceus and C. retrorsus. Compared to C. retrorsus, C. echinatus has larger spikelets and longer floral scales, anthers, and achenes. In contrast to C. echinatus, C. croceus has looser spikes, shorter, broader, greenish or yellowish floral scales, shorter, more ovoid achenes, and shorter anthers. Furthermore, C. echinatus is predominantly an inland species of roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed ground; C. retrorsus is primarily a coastal species and occurs in drier, sandier sites. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 182. | FNA vol. 23. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus echinatus, C. ovularis, C. ovularis var. americanus, C. ovularis var. sphaericus, C. ovularis var. wolfii, C. wolfii, Kyllinga ovularis, Mariscus ovularis | C. refractus var. lancastriensis, Mariscus lancastriensis |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Alph. Wood: Class-book Bot. ed. s.n.(b), 734. (1861) | Porter: in A. Gray, Manual ed. 5 issue 6, 555. (1867) |
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