Cyperus echinatus |
Cyperus filicinus |
|
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globe flatsedge, teasel sedge |
fern flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, perennial, single-stemmed to loosely cespitose. | Herbs, annual, cespitose. |
Culms | basally cormlike, trigonous, (15–)30–100 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, 5–50 cm × 0.4–2 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | flat to V-shaped, 10–65 cm × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
flat, 10–30 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes densely globose to globose-ovoid, 8–17 mm wide; rays 3–12, 2–12 cm, scaberous adaxially especially distally; rachis 4–8 mm; bracts (3–)4–7, ascending at 30(–45)°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2–9 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5–0.7 mm wide. |
heads loosely globose, 10–22 mm diam.; rays 0–6, 1–7 cm; bracts 3–6, horizontal to slightly ascending, flat, 3–26 cm × 1–3 mm. |
Spikelets | 50–100, oblong-lanceoloid, ± terete-quadrangular, (3.5–)4–7 × 1–1.4 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, 3–5, appressed, stramineous to brownish, 4-ribbed laterally, oblong-elliptic, 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.8 mm, membranous, apex entire or emarginate with mucro to 0.3 mm. |
6–20, linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 7–30 × 2–3 mm; floral scales 8–28, stramineous to light reddish brown, laterally ribless, ovate, 2.7–3.6 × 1.6–1.8 mm. |
Flowers | anthers 0.4–0.8 mm; styles 0.5–0.6 mm; stigmas 1 mm. |
stamens 2; anthers 0.5 mm, connective apex reddish, subulate, 0.1–0.2 mm; styles 1.9–2.1 mm; stigmas 1–1.3 mm. |
Achenes | brown, ± stipitate, oblong, (1.5–)1.8–2.3 × 0.5–0.6(–0.7) mm (1/2 length of floral scales), apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
brown, oblong, 1.2–1.6 × 0.6–0.9 mm, base cuneate to ± stipelike, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate. |
Cyperus echinatus |
Cyperus filicinus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–early fall. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Disturbed, sunny sites, in mesic places, well-drained soils | Swales between dunes, upper edges of tidal marshes, occasionally emergent shorelines, roadsides, inland ditches |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0(–50) m (0(–200) ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; West Indies
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CT; GA; IL; LA; MA; ME; NC; NH; NJ; NY; RI; SC; VA
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Discussion | The records for Rhode Island and Wisconsin are according to M. L. Horvat (1941); we have not seen specimens from those states. Cyperus echinatus is usually recognized by its tight, nearly spheric spikes; it may occasionally be hard to distinguish from C. croceus and C. retrorsus. Compared to C. retrorsus, C. echinatus has larger spikelets and longer floral scales, anthers, and achenes. In contrast to C. echinatus, C. croceus has looser spikes, shorter, broader, greenish or yellowish floral scales, shorter, more ovoid achenes, and shorter anthers. Furthermore, C. echinatus is predominantly an inland species of roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed ground; C. retrorsus is primarily a coastal species and occurs in drier, sandier sites. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 182. | FNA vol. 23, p. 160. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus echinatus, C. ovularis, C. ovularis var. americanus, C. ovularis var. sphaericus, C. ovularis var. wolfii, C. wolfii, Kyllinga ovularis, Mariscus ovularis | C. polystachyos var. macrostachyos |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Alph. Wood: Class-book Bot. ed. s.n.(b), 734. (1861) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 332. (1805) |
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