Cyperus echinatus |
Cyperus bipartitus |
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globe flatsedge, teasel sedge |
shining flatsedge, slender flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, perennial, single-stemmed to loosely cespitose. | Herbs, annual, densely cespitose, with fibrous roots. |
Culms | basally cormlike, trigonous, (15–)30–100 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, glabrous. |
roundly trigonous, 3–25(–30) cm × 0.3–1.4 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | flat to V-shaped, 10–65 cm × 3–9 mm, adaxial surface, margins minutely scabridulous. |
1–3, V-shaped, 1–8 cm × 1–2 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes densely globose to globose-ovoid, 8–17 mm wide; rays 3–12, 2–12 cm, scaberous adaxially especially distally; rachis 4–8 mm; bracts (3–)4–7, ascending at 30(–45)°, flat, 5–35 cm × 2–9 mm; rachilla persistent, wings 0.5–0.7 mm wide. |
spike 1, loosely ovoid, compressed, 7–14 × 9–14 mm; rays 1–4, to 2(–3) cm; bracts 2–3, horizontal to ascending at 30(–45)°, V-shaped to flat, 1–12 cm × 0.5–1.5 mm. |
Spikelets | 50–100, oblong-lanceoloid, ± terete-quadrangular, (3.5–)4–7 × 1–1.4 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, 3–5, appressed, stramineous to brownish, 4-ribbed laterally, oblong-elliptic, 3.5–4.5 × 1–1.8 mm, membranous, apex entire or emarginate with mucro to 0.3 mm. |
3–5(–8), flattened, oblong to oblong-lanceoloid, 8–18 × 2–2.6(–3) mm; floral scales (6–)10–26(–32), closely imbricate, laterally light to dark brown, medially light brown, laterally ribless, medially 2–3-ribbed, 2-keeled, oblong to ovate, 1.9–2.7 × 1.8–2.3 mm, apex obtuse. |
Flowers | anthers 0.4–0.8 mm; styles 0.5–0.6 mm; stigmas 1 mm. |
stamens 2–3; anthers 0.4–0.5 mm, connective not prolonged; styles 0.6–1 mm; stigmas 1–1.5 mm. |
Achenes | brown, ± stipitate, oblong, (1.5–)1.8–2.3 × 0.5–0.6(–0.7) mm (1/2 length of floral scales), apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
black, network of ridges forming isodiametric or square cells, sessile, obovoid to ovoid, 1–1.3(–1.5) × (0.6–)0.8 mm, apex apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate. |
Cyperus echinatus |
Cyperus bipartitus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–early fall. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Disturbed, sunny sites, in mesic places, well-drained soils | Emergent shorelines, ditches, puddles, often in disturbed places |
Elevation | 0–500 m (0–1600 ft) | 0–1500 m (0–4900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DC; DE; FL; GA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; NY; OH; OK; PA; RI; SC; TN; TX; VA; WI; WV; West Indies
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; CO; CT; DC; DE; GA; IA; IL; IN; KS; KY; LA; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; MO; MS; NC; ND; NE; NH; NJ; NM; NV; NY; OH; OK; OR; PA; RI; SC; SD; TN; TX; UT; VA; VT; WA; WI; WV; ON; QC; Mexico; Central America; South America
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Discussion | The records for Rhode Island and Wisconsin are according to M. L. Horvat (1941); we have not seen specimens from those states. Cyperus echinatus is usually recognized by its tight, nearly spheric spikes; it may occasionally be hard to distinguish from C. croceus and C. retrorsus. Compared to C. retrorsus, C. echinatus has larger spikelets and longer floral scales, anthers, and achenes. In contrast to C. echinatus, C. croceus has looser spikes, shorter, broader, greenish or yellowish floral scales, shorter, more ovoid achenes, and shorter anthers. Furthermore, C. echinatus is predominantly an inland species of roadsides, pastures, and other disturbed ground; C. retrorsus is primarily a coastal species and occurs in drier, sandier sites. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 182. | FNA vol. 23, p. 161. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycreus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | Scirpus echinatus, C. ovularis, C. ovularis var. americanus, C. ovularis var. sphaericus, C. ovularis var. wolfii, C. wolfii, Kyllinga ovularis, Mariscus ovularis | C. rivularis |
Name authority | (Linnaeus) Alph. Wood: Class-book Bot. ed. s.n.(b), 734. (1861) | Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 257. (1836) |
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