Cyperus difformis |
Cyperus onerosus |
|
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Asian flatsedge, smallflower umbrella sedge, variable flatsedge |
plains flatsedge |
|
Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, rhizomatous; base cormlike; rhizomes scaly, 12 cm × 2 mm. |
Culms | 1–15, trigonous, 7–30 cm × 1.2–2.5 mm, soft (flattened in pressing), glabrous. |
trigonous, 20–55 cm × 1.2–11.8 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | 2–7, flat, (2–)7–22 cm × 2.2–4 mm. |
V-shaped, 12–30 cm × 2–3 mm. |
Inflorescences | heads dense, 7–17 mm diam.; when rays short, heads sessile or nearly so, then densely irregularly lobate, 12–35 mm diam.; rays 1–5, 2–32 mm; bracts 2–4, longest bract erect or nearly so, appearing as continuation of culm, other bracts horizontal to ascending, 1–22 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, margins and keel minutely scabridulous. |
heads digitate, 12–20 mm diam.; rays 7–12, 1–13 cm; 2d order rays 1–3 cm (sometimes absent); bracts 3–5, longest ± erect, V-shaped, 5–12(–18) cm × 2–3 mm. |
Spikelets | 30–120, greenish brown to purplish brown, oblong-ellipsoid, compressed, (2–)3–5(–6) × 0.8–1.2 mm; floral scales (6–)12–20(–30), laterally clear margins, stramineous to deep purple, medially greenish, stramineous, or purplish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, obovate to orbiculate, 0.6–0.8 × 0.6–0.8 mm, apex mucronulate. |
(8–)20–30, linear-lanceoloid, compressed, 5–10(–14) × 1.4–1.7 mm; floral scales (8–)16–26, laterally brown to reddish brown, medially green, laterally 1-ribbed, medially 3-ribbed, broadly elliptic, 2–2.5 × 1.2–1.6 mm, apex with slightly excurved cusp 0.2–0.3 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 1 or 2; anthers ovoid-ellipsoid, 0.1 mm, connective not prolonged; styles 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.1–0.3 mm. |
stamens 3; anthers 1 mm, connective apex reddish, subulate, 0.1 mm; styles 1–1.5 mm; stigmas 1.5 mm. |
Achenes | light brown, obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.3–0.4 mm (as long as subtending scale), base cuneate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces finely reticulate, papillose. |
white to light brown, sessile, ellipsoid, 0.7–0.8 × 0.25–0.35 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus difformis |
Cyperus onerosus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting early summer (May–Jun). |
Habitat | Disturbed, muddy soils, shallow waters | Permanent pools and wet swales between sand dunes |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 1200 m (3900 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; ID; KY; LA; MS; NC; NJ; NM; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; South America; West Indies (Puerto Rico); Central America (Nicaragua, Panama); Eurasia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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TX |
Discussion | Cyperus difformis is naturalized in the New World and native to the Old World, where it ranges from southern Europe to southern Africa and eastward to Southeast Asia and Australia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Of conservation concern. Cyperus onerosus is apparently restricted to Andrews and Winkler counties in Texas. This interesting endemic is most similar to Cyperus dentatus; it lacks tubers and apparently is not proliferous. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 156. | FNA vol. 23, p. 151. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. lateriflorus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. II, 6. (1756) | M. C. Johnston: SouthW. Naturalist 9: 308. (1964) |
Web links |