Cyperus difformis |
Cyperus houghtonii |
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Asian flatsedge, smallflower umbrella sedge, variable flatsedge |
Houghton's flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose. | Herbs, perennial, cespitose, bases cormose, rhizomatous. |
Culms | 1–15, trigonous, 7–30 cm × 1.2–2.5 mm, soft (flattened in pressing), glabrous. |
trigonous, 5–50 cm × 0.5–1.5 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | 2–7, flat, (2–)7–22 cm × 2.2–4 mm. |
V-shaped, 12–30 cm × 1–6 mm. |
Inflorescences | heads dense, 7–17 mm diam.; when rays short, heads sessile or nearly so, then densely irregularly lobate, 12–35 mm diam.; rays 1–5, 2–32 mm; bracts 2–4, longest bract erect or nearly so, appearing as continuation of culm, other bracts horizontal to ascending, 1–22 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, margins and keel minutely scabridulous. |
spikes ± globose to broadly ovoid, 8–20 mm wide; rays 1–8 cm; rachis 2–5 mm, glabrous; bracts 3–8, weakly ascending, flat, 3–20 cm × 1–3.5 mm; rachilla deciduous, wingless. |
Spikelets | 30–120, greenish brown to purplish brown, oblong-ellipsoid, compressed, (2–)3–5(–6) × 0.8–1.2 mm; floral scales (6–)12–20(–30), laterally clear margins, stramineous to deep purple, medially greenish, stramineous, or purplish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, obovate to orbiculate, 0.6–0.8 × 0.6–0.8 mm, apex mucronulate. |
3–18, compressed, ovoid to oblong-lanceoloid, 4–15 × 2.6–3.4 mm; floral scales deciduous, 3–18, laterally stramineous to reddish brown, laterally 3–4-ribbed, broadly ovate, 1.8–2.5 × 1.3–1.6 mm, apex with mucro 0.1–0.2 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 1 or 2; anthers ovoid-ellipsoid, 0.1 mm, connective not prolonged; styles 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.1–0.3 mm. |
anthers 0.5–0.7 mm; styles 0.4–0.6 mm; stigmas 1–1.5 mm. |
Achenes | light brown, obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.3–0.4 mm (as long as subtending scale), base cuneate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces finely reticulate, papillose. |
dark brown, sessile, broadly ellipsoid, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 mm, apex obtuse, apiculate, surface glabrous, puncticulate, or papillose. |
2n | = 168, 170, 172. |
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Cyperus difformis |
Cyperus houghtonii |
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Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer. |
Habitat | Disturbed, muddy soils, shallow waters | Riverbanks, sand bars, lakeshores, sand dunes, sandy openings in woods, especially among Jack pines |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 0–1100 m (0–3600 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; ID; KY; LA; MS; NC; NJ; NM; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; South America; West Indies (Puerto Rico); Central America (Nicaragua, Panama); Eurasia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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IL; IN; MA; MD; ME; MI; MN; NH; NJ; NY; OH; PA; VA; VT; WI; WV; MB; ON; QC
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Discussion | Cyperus difformis is naturalized in the New World and native to the Old World, where it ranges from southern Europe to southern Africa and eastward to Southeast Asia and Australia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
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Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 156. | FNA vol. 23, p. 175. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. lateriflorus | |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. II, 6. (1756) | Torrey: Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 3: 277. (1836) |
Web links |