Cyperus difformis |
Cyperus croceus |
|
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Asian flatsedge, smallflower umbrella sedge, variable flatsedge |
Baldwin's flatsedge |
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Habit | Herbs, annual, cespitose. | Herbs perennial, cespitose. |
Culms | 1–15, trigonous, 7–30 cm × 1.2–2.5 mm, soft (flattened in pressing), glabrous. |
trigonous, (4–)14–45 cm × 1–2 mm, glabrous. |
Leaves | 2–7, flat, (2–)7–22 cm × 2.2–4 mm. |
yellow-green, flat, 18–44 cm × 3–4.5 mm. |
Inflorescences | heads dense, 7–17 mm diam.; when rays short, heads sessile or nearly so, then densely irregularly lobate, 12–35 mm diam.; rays 1–5, 2–32 mm; bracts 2–4, longest bract erect or nearly so, appearing as continuation of culm, other bracts horizontal to ascending, 1–22 cm × 0.5–3.5 mm, margins and keel minutely scabridulous. |
spikes densely to loosely globose to ovoid, 10–20 mm wide; rays (3–)5–9(–14), 1–15(–26) cm; rachis 3–6(–9) mm; bracts (4–)6–9(–11), horizontal to ascending at 45°, flat, 1–30 cm × 0.5–4 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings persistent, 0.3–0.5(–0.8) mm wide. |
Spikelets | 30–120, greenish brown to purplish brown, oblong-ellipsoid, compressed, (2–)3–5(–6) × 0.8–1.2 mm; floral scales (6–)12–20(–30), laterally clear margins, stramineous to deep purple, medially greenish, stramineous, or purplish, laterally ribless, medially 3-ribbed, obovate to orbiculate, 0.6–0.8 × 0.6–0.8 mm, apex mucronulate. |
(10–)30–50, oblong to lanceoloid, quadrangular to subterete, compressed, 4–8 × 1–1.3 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, (1–)2–4(–6), appressed, whitish with red speckles, laterally 2–4-ribbed, ovate, 2.3–3.6 × 1.8–2.2 mm. |
Flowers | stamens 1 or 2; anthers ovoid-ellipsoid, 0.1 mm, connective not prolonged; styles 0.1 mm; stigmas 0.1–0.3 mm. |
anthers 0.5 mm; styles 0.6–1.3 mm; stigmas 1.2–2.6 mm. |
Achenes | light brown, obovoid-ellipsoid, 0.6–0.8 × 0.3–0.4 mm (as long as subtending scale), base cuneate, apex obtuse, apiculate, surfaces finely reticulate, papillose. |
reddish brown to nearly black, sessile, oblong, ellipsoid, 2–2.4 × 0.4–0.5(–0.7) mm, apex ± truncate-emarginate, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus difformis |
Cyperus croceus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer. | Fruiting summer–early fall. |
Habitat | Disturbed, muddy soils, shallow waters | Disturbed, sunny areas, coastal rocks, moist thickets |
Elevation | 0–1000 m (0–3300 ft) | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AZ; CA; FL; GA; ID; KY; LA; MS; NC; NJ; NM; OR; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; South America; West Indies (Puerto Rico); Central America (Nicaragua, Panama); Eurasia; Indian Ocean Islands; Pacific Islands; Australia [Introduced in North America]
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AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (Venezuela)
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Discussion | Cyperus difformis is naturalized in the New World and native to the Old World, where it ranges from southern Europe to southern Africa and eastward to Southeast Asia and Australia. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus globulosus Aublet is a synonym of C. luzulae (Linnaeus) Rottbøll ex Retzius, which is a widespread neotropical species, and it has long been misapplied to Cyperus croceus (G. C. Tucker 1987). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 156. | FNA vol. 23, p. 183. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Pycnostachys | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. lateriflorus | C. baldwinii, C. cyclostachyus, C. echinatus var. multiflora, C. globulosus var. pseudofiliculmis, C. globulosus var. robustus, C. plankii, C. retrorsus var. robustus, Mariscus bracheilema, Mariscus brittonii |
Name authority | Linnaeus: Cent. Pl. II, 6. (1756) | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 357. (1805) |
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