Cyperus croceus |
Cyperus rotundus |
|
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Baldwin's flatsedge |
chaguan humatag, coco-grass, nutgrass, pakopako, purple nut-sedge |
|
Habit | Herbs perennial, cespitose. | Herbs, perennial, stoloniferous; stolons (2–)5–12 cm × 1–2 mm, bearing tubers 3–8(–12) mm diam., wiry, springy when dried, indurate. |
Culms | trigonous, (4–)14–45 cm × 1–2 mm, glabrous. |
trigonous, 10–35(–40) cm × 0.7–3.4 mm, basally indurate, glabrous. |
Leaves | yellow-green, flat, 18–44 cm × 3–4.5 mm. |
V-shaped to flanged V-shaped, 5–30 cm × 2–6 mm. |
Inflorescences | spikes densely to loosely globose to ovoid, 10–20 mm wide; rays (3–)5–9(–14), 1–15(–26) cm; rachis 3–6(–9) mm; bracts (4–)6–9(–11), horizontal to ascending at 45°, flat, 1–30 cm × 0.5–4 mm; rachilla deciduous, wings persistent, 0.3–0.5(–0.8) mm wide. |
spikes 1(–3), broadly ellipsoid, (12–)15–25(–30) × (12–)20–30(–50) mm, rays (3–)4–6(–7), 0.2–10 cm;, bracts (2–)3–5, horizontal to ascending at 45°, V-shaped to flanged V-shaped, 0.5–10 cm × 0.5–4 mm, rachilla persistent, wings 0.5–1 mm wide. |
Spikelets | (10–)30–50, oblong to lanceoloid, quadrangular to subterete, compressed, 4–8 × 1–1.3 mm; distal spikelet spreading or ascending; floral scales persistent, (1–)2–4(–6), appressed, whitish with red speckles, laterally 2–4-ribbed, ovate, 2.3–3.6 × 1.8–2.2 mm. |
(2–)3–7(–12), compressed, linear, 4–40 × 1.3–1.8 mm, floral scales persistent, 6–36(–42), spreading or appressed, purple to reddish brown, with narrow clear border and green midrib, 7–9-ribbed, ovate, (1.8–)2.6–3.4 × 2.2–3 mm, apex obtuse. |
Flowers | anthers 0.5 mm; styles 0.6–1.3 mm; stigmas 1.2–2.6 mm. |
anthers 1–2.5 mm, styles 1.3–3.5 mm, stigmas (1.8–)2–3.3 mm. |
Achenes | reddish brown to nearly black, sessile, oblong, ellipsoid, 2–2.4 × 0.4–0.5(–0.7) mm, apex ± truncate-emarginate, apiculate, surfaces puncticulate. |
black, sessile, ellipsoid, abaxial face convex, adaxial face concave, 1.4–1.7(–1.9) × 0.8–1 mm, apex obtuse, surfaces puncticulate. |
Cyperus croceus |
Cyperus rotundus |
|
Phenology | Fruiting summer–early fall. | Fruiting summer–fall. |
Habitat | Disturbed, sunny areas, coastal rocks, moist thickets | Croplands, disturbed soils usually |
Elevation | 0–200 m (0–700 ft) | 0–400 m (0–1300 ft) |
Distribution |
AL; AR; DE; FL; GA; LA; MD; MO; MS; NC; NJ; OK; PA; SC; TN; TX; VA; WV; Mexico; Central America; West Indies; South America (Venezuela)
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AL; AR; AZ; CA; FL; GA; LA; MO; MS; NC; NM; SC; TN; TX; VA; Mexico; Central America; South America; Asia; Africa; Australia
|
Discussion | Cyperus globulosus Aublet is a synonym of C. luzulae (Linnaeus) Rottbøll ex Retzius, which is a widespread neotropical species, and it has long been misapplied to Cyperus croceus (G. C. Tucker 1987). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Cyperus rotundus is documented in Connecticut, Delaware, New York, and Pennsylvania; there is no evidence of persistent populations. Cyperus esculentus and C. rotundus are the only two species of subg. Cyperus in the New World that produce tuberiferous stolons. The two species also have persistent floral scales and persistent rachillas, a combination of characteristics not found in any other New World species of Cyperus. Cyperus rotundus is distinguished from other species of the genus in the New World by its open spikes composed of linear reddish spikelets borne on a conspicuous slender rachis. Cyperus rotundus is usually acknowledged to be the world’s worst weed (cf. G. C. Tucker 1987). In the United States, it does not grow north of the mean 1°C January isotherm. Cyperus esculentus (preceding species) is a serious weed in much of the world, especially in cooler regions where the more tropical C. rotundus does not grow. Cyperus esculentus is able to tolerate lower air temperatures (as low as -18°C). The two species apparently differ also in their thermal optima for growth. (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
Source | FNA vol. 23, p. 183. | FNA vol. 23, p. 169. |
Parent taxa | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus | Cyperaceae > Cyperus > subg. Cyperus |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. baldwinii, C. cyclostachyus, C. echinatus var. multiflora, C. globulosus var. pseudofiliculmis, C. globulosus var. robustus, C. plankii, C. retrorsus var. robustus, Mariscus bracheilema, Mariscus brittonii | |
Name authority | Vahl: Enum. Pl. 2: 357. (1805) | Linnaeus: Sp. Pl. 1: 45. (1753) |
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