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staghorn cholla

Christmas cactus, desert Christmas cactus, desert Christmas cholla, tasajillo

Habit Trees or shrubs, openly branching at acute angles, to 2 m. Stem segments whorled or subwhorled, purple to green-purple, 4–18 × 1–2 cm; tubercles prominent, elongate-oval, 1–2(–2.5) cm; areoles subcircular, 3.5–4 mm diam.; wool tan to brown, aging gray. Shrubs or small trees, sparingly to densely branched, 0.5–1.8 m, usually bearing similar, commonly spineless terminal branchlets arranged at right angles along major axes.
Stem

segments usually alternate, gray-green or purplish, 2–8 × 0.3–0.5 cm;

tubercles linear, drying as elongate, riblike wrinkles, 1.1–2(–3) cm;

areoles broadly elliptic, (1–)1.5–3.5 × 0.7–2 mm;

wool white to yellow, aging gray.

Spines

6–8 per areole (1–2 bristlelike spines) increasing with time, well distributed along stem, slightly interlacing with spines of adjacent areoles, short;

abaxial spines usually reflexed, whitish, pinkish to red-brown, lightly flattened, the longest 10–18 mm;

adaxial spines erect or spreading, rich red-brown, gray coated basally, subterete, 6–11 mm;

sheaths grayish, tipped brown or yellow to golden Glochids in small adaxial tuft or crescent, dark yellow, to 1 mm.

0–1(–3) per areole, usually in apical areoles to well distributed, erect, flexible, straight or arching upward or downward, red-brown with gray to whitish coat, tips yellow, aging red-brown, terete, angular-flattened basally, the longest (4–)14–45 mm;

sheaths gray to purple-gray with yellow to red-brown tips or yellow throughout.

Glochids

in adaxial tuft or crescent to encircling areole, yellow or reddish brown, 1–3(–5) mm.

Flowers

inner tepals yellow-green, yellow to gold or bronze, or red to rose or magenta, spatulate, apiculate;

filaments yellowish green;

anthers yellow;

style whitish to pale bronze;

stigma lobes whitish.

inner tepals pale yellow to greenish yellow, sometimes tipped red, narrowly obovate, 5–8 mm, acute, apiculate;

filaments greenish yellow;

anthers yellow;

style yellow;

stigma lobes greenish yellow.

Fruits

often proliferating, yellowish green or tinged red to purple, often stipitate, obovate, 25–40 × 10–20 mm, leathery-fleshy, tuberculate or smooth, essentially spineless;

tubercles prominent, at first, subequal in length or proximal ones longer, fertile ones swelling and becoming smooth;

umbilicus to 9 mm deep;

areoles 20–30.

occasionally proliferating, yellow to scarlet (rarely green, sometimes tinged purple, becoming yellow), sometimes stipitate, obovoid, 9–15(–27) × 6–7(–12) mm, fleshy, smooth, spineless;

umbilicus 2–4 mm deep;

areoles 16–20.

Seeds

yellowish, polygonal in outline, warped, 3.5–5.5 × 2.5–5 mm, sides nearly flattened with depressions and protrusions to angular subspheric;

girdle smooth or in a groove.

pale yellow, suborbicular to squarish and crenate in outline, warped, 3–4.5 mm diam., sides smooth, each with 1–3 large depressions;

girdle smooth or with very narrow ridge.

2n

= 22.

= 22, 33, 44.

Cylindropuntia versicolor

Cylindropuntia leptocaulis

Phenology Flowering spring (Apr–Jun). Flowering spring–early summer, sometimes fall (Mar–Aug, Oct).
Habitat Sonoran Desert, desert scrub, flats, washes, rocky hillsides, canyons Deserts, grasslands, chaparrals, oak-juniper woodlands, flats, bajadas and slopes, sandy, loamy to gravelly substrates
Elevation 600-1300 m (2000-4300 ft) 40-1500 m (100-4900 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; Mexico (Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; OK; TX; Mexico (Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora, Tamaulipas, Zacatecas)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cylindropuntia versicolor forms hybrids with C. acanthocarpa var. major, C. arbuscula (= C. ×vivipara), C. leptocaulis (see discussion under 3. C. ×tetracantha), and C. spinosior (= C. ×grantiorum P. V. Heath). Cylindropuntia ×grantiorum, found in eastern to south-central Arizona, is intermediate between the parental species in values for the number of spines per stem areole, stem segment diameter and color, and fruit tubercles. The hybrids between C. versicolor and C. acanthocarpa var. major, which occur in south-central Arizona, have fleshy, tuberculate fruits, often with one or two short permanent spines at apex and longer and more numerous spines per stem areole.

Cylindropuntia versicolor itself may be of hybrid origin.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cylindropuntia leptocaulis forms hybrids with C. acanthocarpa var. major (see 3. C. ×tetracantha), C. arbuscula, C. fulgida, C. kleiniae, C. spinosior, C. versicolor (see discussion under C. ×tetracantha), and C. whipplei. Hybrids in central Arizona have flowers intermediate in size to the parents, narrow tuberculate stems bearing 0–1(–2) major spines per areole, and tuberculate, spineless, orange to red fruits. The chromosome number reported for hybrids is 2n = 22.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 109. FNA vol. 4, p. 105.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Cylindropuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Cylindropuntia
Sibling taxa
C. abyssi, C. acanthocarpa, C. arbuscula, C. bigelovii, C. californica, C. davisii, C. echinocarpa, C. fulgida, C. ganderi, C. imbricata, C. kleiniae, C. leptocaulis, C. munzii, C. prolifera, C. ramosissima, C. spinosior, C. tunicata, C. whipplei, C. wolfii, C. ×kelvinensis, C. ×tetracantha
C. abyssi, C. acanthocarpa, C. arbuscula, C. bigelovii, C. californica, C. davisii, C. echinocarpa, C. fulgida, C. ganderi, C. imbricata, C. kleiniae, C. munzii, C. prolifera, C. ramosissima, C. spinosior, C. tunicata, C. versicolor, C. whipplei, C. wolfii, C. ×kelvinensis, C. ×tetracantha
Synonyms Opuntia versicolor, Opuntia arborescens var. versicolor, Opuntia thurberi subsp. versicolor Opuntia leptocaulis, C. leptocaulis var. brevispina, C. leptocaulis var. longispina, Opuntia fragilis var. frutescens, Opuntia frutescens, Opuntia frutescens var. brevispina, Opuntia frutescens var. longispina, Opuntia leptocaulis, Opuntia leptocaulis var. longispina, Opuntia leptocaulis var. vaginata, Opuntia vaginata
Name authority (Engelmann ex J. M. Coulter) F. M. Knuth: in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 125. (1935) (de Candolle) F. M. Knuth: in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 122. (1935)
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