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cane cholla, walking stick cholla, walkingstick cactus

Arizona pencil cholla, pencil cholla

Habit Trees, compact, widely branching, 0.4–2 m. Stem segments firmly attached, whorled or subwhorled, green to purple, 5–23 × 1.3–3.5 cm; tubercles crowded, pronounced, oval to narrowly oval, 0.5–1.2(–1.5) cm; areoles broadly obdeltate to elliptic, 4.5–7 × 2–4 mm; wool yellow to tan, aging gray to black. Trees or shrubs, densely branched, 0.5–3 m. Stem segments green, sometimes purple tinged, 6–10.5 × 0.5–1.3 cm; tubercles narrowly elongate, appearing as wrinkles when dry, 1–2 cm; areoles circular, 2–3 mm in diam.; wool tan to brown, aging gray to black.
Spines

(4–)6–18(–24) per areole, at most areoles, interlacing with spines of adjacent areoles, pale tan (rarely yellowish), pinkish to red-brown;

abaxial spines erect to usually deflexed, terete, often flattened basally, 8–19 mm;

adaxial spines erect or spreading, subterete; ± bristlelike spines at areole abaxial margins;

sheaths persisting, uniformly whitish, not baggy.

0–2(–3) per areole, sparsely distributed along stem, usually deflexed, pale yellow or red-brown aging black, stout, the longest 0.8–3.5(–5) cm;

sheaths loose fitting, yellowish brown.

Glochids

in inconspicuous adaxial tuft, yellow to tan, aging gray, 1–2 mm.

in adaxial tuft and marginal, encircling areole, pale yellow.

Flowers

inner tepals rose to red-purple, bronze-purple, or yellow, sometimes pale greenish yellow or whitish, spatulate, 18–35 mm, emarginate-apiculate;

filaments deep purple to pink-purple, sometimes green;

anthers pale yellow;

style white or pink to purple distally;

stigma lobes white to cream.

inner tepals green- or orange-bronze, spatulate, 17–20 mm, apiculate;

filaments dark green-bronze;

anthers yellow;

style whitish basally to light orange apically;

stigma lobes very pale green.

Fruits

rarely proliferating, yellow, sometimes tinged reddish to purplish, broadly cylindric, 20–50 × 17–30 mm, fleshy, strongly tuberculate, spineless;

areoles 28–50(–62);

tubercles longer in distal portion of fruit;

umbilicus to 10 mm deep.

green, becoming yellowish apically, sometimes tinged red to purplish at areoles, commonly sterile, then narrow, tuberculate, to 2.5 cm, fertile ones stipitate, obconic, 20–50 × 15–35 mm, fleshy, becoming smooth, spineless;

umbilicus 3–4 mm deep;

areoles 15–17(–34).

Seeds

pale yellow, suborbicular to oval in outline, flattened to warped, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, sides with 0–3 large depressions;

girdle smooth.

pale yellow, angularly circular to oblong, thick, 3–5 mm diam., lumpy;

girdle smooth, broad, not protruding.

2n

= 22.

= 66.

Cylindropuntia spinosior

Cylindropuntia arbuscula

Phenology Flowering spring–early summer (Apr–Aug). Flowering spring (Apr–Jun).
Habitat Desert and plains grasslands, extending onto Sonoran Desert flats, sandy to loamy soils Sonoran Desert flats, bajadas, desert scrub
Elevation 300-2000 m (1000-6600 ft) 300-1000 m (1000-3300 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; Mexico (Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Cylindropuntia spinosior forms hybrids with C. acanthocarpa var. major, C. arbuscula, C. fulgida (see 6. C. ×kelvinensis), C. leptocaulis (see discussion under 3. C. ×tetracantha), and C. versicolor (= C. ×grantiorum P. V. Heath). Introgression between C. spinosior and C. imbricata occurs in a more or less continuous band from central New Mexico to Chihuahua, Mexico. The hybrids between C. spinosior and C. acanthocarpa var. major are sprawling shrubs with irregular branching pattern and have spine clusters with one or more spines longer than others and fleshy fruits, some with one to few spines per fruit. Chromosome numbers of hybrids are all reported as 2n = 22.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cylindropuntia arbuscula forms hybrids with C. leptocaulis in south-central Arizona; those hybrids have narrow, obscurely tuberculate stems and reddish fruits nearly the size of those of C. arbuscula and chromosome number of 2n = 55. Hybrids between C. arbuscula and C. spinosior [= C. ×neoarbuscula (Griffiths) F. M. Knuth] have large green fruits, which often split open, and on stem segments distal areoles that usually bear three or four spines to 2.5 cm. Hybrids between C. arbuscula and C. versicolor [= C. ×vivipara (Rose) F. M. Knuth] have large green fruits, which often split open, and distal stem segment areoles that bear one or two spines to 1.5 cm.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4. FNA vol. 4, p. 106.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Cylindropuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Cylindropuntia
Sibling taxa
C. abyssi, C. acanthocarpa, C. arbuscula, C. bigelovii, C. californica, C. davisii, C. echinocarpa, C. fulgida, C. ganderi, C. imbricata, C. kleiniae, C. leptocaulis, C. munzii, C. prolifera, C. ramosissima, C. tunicata, C. versicolor, C. whipplei, C. wolfii, C. ×kelvinensis, C. ×tetracantha
C. abyssi, C. acanthocarpa, C. bigelovii, C. californica, C. davisii, C. echinocarpa, C. fulgida, C. ganderi, C. imbricata, C. kleiniae, C. leptocaulis, C. munzii, C. prolifera, C. ramosissima, C. spinosior, C. tunicata, C. versicolor, C. whipplei, C. wolfii, C. ×kelvinensis, C. ×tetracantha
Synonyms Opuntia whipplei var. spinosior, Opuntia spinosior, Opuntia spinosior var. neomexicana Opuntia arbuscula
Name authority (Engelmann) F. M. Knuth: in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 126. (1935) (Engelmann) F. M. Knuth: in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 123. (1935)
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