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coyonostyle, tree cholla

chain-fruit cholla, jumping cholla

Habit Trees, with short trunks, or large shrubs, widely branching, (1–)1.5–2.5(–5) m. Stem segments firmly attached, whorled or subwhorled, gray-green, cylindric to weakly clavate, 10–40 × 1.5–4 cm; tubercles very prominent, widely spaced, (1.5–)2–5 cm; areoles elliptic, 5–8× 3–4 mm; wool yellow to tan, aging gray to black. Trees 1–3 m; trunk divaricately branching; crown many branched, spreading.
Stem

segments whorled or subwhorled, gray-green, often drying blackish, ± spiny throughout, terminal ones easily dislodged, 6–16(–23) × 2–3.5 cm;

tubercles salient, broadly oval, 0.8–1.3(–1.9) cm;

areoles obdeltate, 5–7(–10) × 2.5–4 mm;

wool gold to tan, aging gray to black.

Spines

(5–)8–15(–30) per areole or spineless to nearly spineless, usually at most areoles, not obscuring stems, spreading, straight or slightly curved, silver to yellow to usually ± red or tan to brown, stout, terete or sometimes flattened basally, 8–30(–40) mm subequal;

sheaths silver to yellow to usually tan to dirty white, yellow tipped.

0–12(–18) per areole, at most areoles to nearly absent, yellowish, sometimes also pale pinkish, aging brown, interlaced or not with spines of adjacent areoles;

abaxial spines erect to deflexed, spreading, flattened basally, the longest to 3.5 cm;

adaxial spines erect or spreading, terete to subterete, longest to 2.5 cm;

sheaths uniformly whitish, yellowish to golden, baggy.

Glochids

in dense adaxial tuft, pale yellow, 0.5–3 mm.

in adaxial tuft, sometimes also scattered along areole margins, yellow, 1–3 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals dark pink to magenta to red-magenta, obovate, apiculate, 15–35 mm;

filaments green basally to pink to magenta distally;

anthers yellow;

style light green basally or pink to red-magenta apically;

stigma lobes green or cream.

inner tepals usually reflexed, pink to magenta, obovate to ligulate, 12–16 mm, apiculate emarginate;

filaments pale pink to magenta;

anthers white to cream;

style pinkish;

stigma lobes whitish to pale yellow.

Fruits

not proliferating, yellow, obovoid, 24–45 × 20–40 mm, fleshy, tuberculate, spineless;

areoles 18–30;

tubercles nearly equal in length or longer in proximal portion of fruit, prominent (occasionally smooth at maturity);

umbilicus 7–14 mm deep.

proliferating, forming long, branching, pendent chains, at maturity gray-green, often stipitate, obconic, fleshy, shallowly tuberculate, usually spineless;

basal fruits 32–55 × 23–45 mm;

terminal fruits 2–3.3 × 1.3–2.3 cm;

tubercles becoming obscure;

umbilicus to 8 mm deep;

areoles 18–35.

Seeds

yellow-tan, subcircular to angled, warped, 2.5–4 mm diam., sides smooth to slightly lumpy;

girdle usually narrow, not protruding.

pale yellow to brownish, angular to very irregular in outline, warped, 1.9 × 1.5–3.5 mm, sides with 1–2 large depressions, hilum pointed;

girdle smooth.

Cylindropuntia imbricata

Cylindropuntia fulgida

Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CO; KS; NM; OK; TX; n Mexico
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[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; nw Mexico
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[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2+ (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

Intermediates are known between the varieties, which are largely sympatric in northern portion of range of the species.

Cylindropuntia fulgida forms hybrids with C. spinosior (see 6. C. ×kelvinensis) and C. leptocaulis. Hybrids, which are rare in south-central Arizona, have stems of intermediate diameter, (0–)1–5 spines per areole, one spine much longer than others, and spineless, yellowing, and often reddish fruits in chains of four to six, or more.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Plants trees 3-5 m; stem segments 12-40 cm; tubercles widely spaced; spines, and sheaths when present, usually tan to dirty white or ± yellow
var. imbricata
1. Plants erect shrubs to 1.2 m; stem segments 10-20 cm; tubercles narrowly spaced; spines and sheaths silvery
var. argentea
1. Spines of stems interlaced with spines of adjacent areoles, the longest usually 2.5-3 cm; sheaths baggy; stem segments appearing spiny from afar, obscuring strongly mammillate tubercles beneath.
var. fulgida
1. Spines of stems not or little interlaced with spines of adjacent areoles, the longest usually 1-2 cm; sheaths tightly fitting; stem segments appearing spineless or nearly so from afar, exposing strongly mammillate tubercles beneath
var. mamillata
Source FNA vol. 4, p. 112. FNA vol. 4.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Cylindropuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Cylindropuntia
Sibling taxa
C. abyssi, C. acanthocarpa, C. arbuscula, C. bigelovii, C. californica, C. davisii, C. echinocarpa, C. fulgida, C. ganderi, C. kleiniae, C. leptocaulis, C. munzii, C. prolifera, C. ramosissima, C. spinosior, C. tunicata, C. versicolor, C. whipplei, C. wolfii, C. ×kelvinensis, C. ×tetracantha
C. abyssi, C. acanthocarpa, C. arbuscula, C. bigelovii, C. californica, C. davisii, C. echinocarpa, C. ganderi, C. imbricata, C. kleiniae, C. leptocaulis, C. munzii, C. prolifera, C. ramosissima, C. spinosior, C. tunicata, C. versicolor, C. whipplei, C. wolfii, C. ×kelvinensis, C. ×tetracantha
Subordinate taxa
C. imbricata var. argentea, C. imbricata var. imbricata
C. fulgida var. fulgida, C. fulgida var. mamillata
Synonyms family cactaceae Cereus imbricatusH, Opuntia imbricata Opuntia fulgida
Name authority (Haworth) F. M. Knuth: in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 125. (1935) (Engelmann) F. M. Knuth: in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 126. (1935)
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