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golden cholla, silver cholla, silver or golden cholla, Wiggins' cholla

cane cholla, walking stick cholla, walkingstick cactus

Habit Trees or shrubs, spreading, densely branched, 0.5–2 m. Stem segments usually firmly attached, terminal segments sometimes easily detached, green to light gray-green, cylindric, 3–7.5(–12) × 1–2.5 cm; tubercles salient, short oval, 0.4–1.3(–1.5) cm, moderately broad; areoles broadly elliptic, 4–4.5 × 2–3.5 mm; wool whitish, yellow to tan, aging gray. Trees, compact, widely branching, 0.4–2 m. Stem segments firmly attached, whorled or subwhorled, green to purple, 5–23 × 1.3–3.5 cm; tubercles crowded, pronounced, oval to narrowly oval, 0.5–1.2(–1.5) cm; areoles broadly obdeltate to elliptic, 4.5–7 × 2–4 mm; wool yellow to tan, aging gray to black.
Spines

(6–)10–17(–22) per areole, accompanied by 0–5 short bristlelike spines at areole margins, at most areoles, most prominent in adaxial ones, much interlaced with those of adjacent areoles, obscuring stems, sometimes brushlike;

major abaxial spines whitish, yellow to tan, usually subterete to flattened, spreading to deflexed, the longest 20–30(–45) mm;

major adaxial spines erect or spreading, white, pale yellow, or tan to brown (rarely deep red-brown), terete, the longest 22–35(–50) mm;

sheaths whitish with yellow to golden tips, baggy.

(4–)6–18(–24) per areole, at most areoles, interlacing with spines of adjacent areoles, pale tan (rarely yellowish), pinkish to red-brown;

abaxial spines erect to usually deflexed, terete, often flattened basally, 8–19 mm;

adaxial spines erect or spreading, subterete; ± bristlelike spines at areole abaxial margins;

sheaths persisting, uniformly whitish, not baggy.

Glochids

conspicuous in broad adaxial crescent, yellow, 3–4(–5) mm.

in inconspicuous adaxial tuft, yellow to tan, aging gray, 1–2 mm.

Flowers

inner tepals light green to yellow-green, sometimes suffused with maroon or rose, spatulate, 20–23 mm, emarginate-apiculate;

filaments greenish white or yellow, sometimes suffused with bronze or rose, but not red;

anthers yellow;

style and stigma lobes whitish, cream to light green.

inner tepals rose to red-purple, bronze-purple, or yellow, sometimes pale greenish yellow or whitish, spatulate, 18–35 mm, emarginate-apiculate;

filaments deep purple to pink-purple, sometimes green;

anthers pale yellow;

style white or pink to purple distally;

stigma lobes white to cream.

Fruits

tan at maturity, obconic to subspheric, 13–23 × 11–20 mm, dry, tuberculate, densely spiny, sometimes burlike, with apical flange around deep umbilicus;

basal tubercles not markedly longer than distal ones;

areoles 16–24(–36).

rarely proliferating, yellow, sometimes tinged reddish to purplish, broadly cylindric, 20–50 × 17–30 mm, fleshy, strongly tuberculate, spineless;

areoles 28–50(–62);

tubercles longer in distal portion of fruit;

umbilicus to 10 mm deep.

Seeds

pale yellow, angular to squarish in outline, warped, 4–6 × 3.5–5 mm, sides smooth, each with 2–4 large depressions;

girdle smooth (rarely with very narrow ridge).

pale yellow, suborbicular to oval in outline, flattened to warped, 4–5 × 3–4 mm, sides with 0–3 large depressions;

girdle smooth.

2n

= 22.

= 22.

Cylindropuntia echinocarpa

Cylindropuntia spinosior

Phenology Flowering spring (Mar–Jun). Flowering spring–early summer (Apr–Aug).
Habitat Mojave and Sonoran deserts, desert grasslands, juniper and oak-juniper woodlands, flats, bajadas, canyons, sandy, loam, alluvial to gravelly substrates Desert and plains grasslands, extending onto Sonoran Desert flats, sandy to loamy soils
Elevation 50-1700 m (200-5600 ft) 300-2000 m (1000-6600 ft)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; Mexico (Baja California, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from FNA
AZ; NM; Mexico (Chihuahua, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

A dwarf form, with narrow terminal stem segments bearing few spines per areole, and one spine longer than the others, occurs on the very arid flats along the lower Colorado River in California and Arizona and has been recognized as Opuntia wigginsii L. D. Benson; however, numerous intermediate to more robust forms make recognition of the dwarf form untenable. Although exceptions occur, plants to the north and west in the range tend to be more spiny and to bear yellow to yellow-green flowers.

Cylindropuntia echinocarpa hybridizes with C. acanthocarpa [= C. ×deserta (Griffiths) Pinkava (D. J. Pinkava 1999)], C. whipplei, and C. munzii. Cylindropuntia ×deserta, found in western Arizona and southern California, has reddish filaments, short tubercles, variably sized spines/areole, and dry spiny fruits.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Cylindropuntia spinosior forms hybrids with C. acanthocarpa var. major, C. arbuscula, C. fulgida (see 6. C. ×kelvinensis), C. leptocaulis (see discussion under 3. C. ×tetracantha), and C. versicolor (= C. ×grantiorum P. V. Heath). Introgression between C. spinosior and C. imbricata occurs in a more or less continuous band from central New Mexico to Chihuahua, Mexico. The hybrids between C. spinosior and C. acanthocarpa var. major are sprawling shrubs with irregular branching pattern and have spine clusters with one or more spines longer than others and fleshy fruits, some with one to few spines per fruit. Chromosome numbers of hybrids are all reported as 2n = 22.

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Source FNA vol. 4, p. 115. FNA vol. 4.
Parent taxa Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Cylindropuntia Cactaceae > subfam. Opuntioideae > Cylindropuntia
Sibling taxa
C. abyssi, C. acanthocarpa, C. arbuscula, C. bigelovii, C. californica, C. davisii, C. fulgida, C. ganderi, C. imbricata, C. kleiniae, C. leptocaulis, C. munzii, C. prolifera, C. ramosissima, C. spinosior, C. tunicata, C. versicolor, C. whipplei, C. wolfii, C. ×kelvinensis, C. ×tetracantha
C. abyssi, C. acanthocarpa, C. arbuscula, C. bigelovii, C. californica, C. davisii, C. echinocarpa, C. fulgida, C. ganderi, C. imbricata, C. kleiniae, C. leptocaulis, C. munzii, C. prolifera, C. ramosissima, C. tunicata, C. versicolor, C. whipplei, C. wolfii, C. ×kelvinensis, C. ×tetracantha
Synonyms Opuntia echinocarpa, Cactus echinocarpus, C. wigginsii, Opuntia wigginsii Opuntia whipplei var. spinosior, Opuntia spinosior, Opuntia spinosior var. neomexicana
Name authority (Engelmann & J. M. Bigelow) F. M. Knuth: in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 124. (1935) (Engelmann) F. M. Knuth: in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 126. (1935)
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