Cuscuta salina |
Cuscuta occidentalis |
|
---|---|---|
goldenthread, inland salt-marsh dodder, salt dodder, saltmarsh dodder |
California dodder, western dodder |
|
Stems | orange-yellow, slender. |
yellowish to orange, medium. |
Inflorescences | loose to dense, corymbiform; bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute. |
dense, glomerulate; bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels and/or flowers 0 or 1, lanceolate to ovate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute to acuminate. |
Pedicels | (0.5–)1–5 mm. |
0–0.5(–1.5) mm. |
Flowers | 5-merous, 2.5–4.5 mm, membranous, not papillate or corolla lobes papillate; calyx yellow, cylindric to narrowly campanulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2 its length, not reticulate, ± glossy, lobes lance-ovate to lanceolate, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein not carinate, apex acute to acuminate; corolla white, drying creamy white, 2.2–4 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate to obconic, 1.2–2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading to reflexed, lance-oblong to lance-ovate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire or irregular, apex acute to acuminate or cuspidate, sometimes appearing tridentate, straight; infrastaminal scales oblong to obovate, 1–1.7 mm, 4/5 corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.4 mm, rounded, uniformly densely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm; stamens exserted at full anthesis, shorter than corolla lobes; filaments 0.3–0.7 mm; anthers 0.3–0.7 × 0.2–0.5 mm; styles uniformly filiform, 0.4–0.9 mm, shorter than ovary. |
5-merous, 2.7–3.4 mm, membranous, usually not papillate; calyx usually yellow, campanulate, somewhat shorter than to equaling corolla tube length, divided 2/5–1/2 its length, not reticulate, shiny, lobes narrowly ovate to lanceolate, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein not carinate, apex acuminate; corolla white, drying creamy white or yellow, 2.5–3.2 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate, 1.4–2.1 mm, saccate between lines of stamen attachments, lobes usually spreading, sometimes reflexed, lanceolate, shorter than corolla tube length, margins entire, apex acuminate, straight; infrastaminal scales absent; stamens ± exserted, shorter than corolla lobes; filaments 0.2–0.5 mm; anthers 0.2–0.5 × 0.2–0.4 mm; styles filiform, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm, shorter than ovary. |
Capsules | ellipsoid-ovoid, 1.6–2.5 × 1.7–2.4 mm, thickened and raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent, surrounded or capped by withered corolla, indehiscent. |
globose to depressed-globose, 1.8–2.2 × 2–2.6 mm, slightly thickened, not raised, around relatively small interstylar aperture, translucent, surrounded by, not completely enclosed by, withered corolla (top of capsule visible), indehiscent. |
Seeds | 1, ± obcompressed, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 1.3–1.5 × 1.2–1.4 mm, hilum region subterminal. |
2–4, obcompressed, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, 0.8–1.3 × 0.8–1.1 mm, hilum region lateral. |
2n | = 30. |
|
Cuscuta salina |
Cuscuta occidentalis |
|
Phenology | Flowering Mar–Nov. | Flowering Mar–Sep. |
Habitat | Hosts: Atriplex, Centromadia, Cressa, Frankenia, Jaumea, Plantago, Salicornia, Salsola, Suaeda, Trichostema, Wislizenia. | Hosts: Artemisia, Cistanthe, Corethrogyne, Diplacus, Epilobium, Ericameria, Eriodictyon, Eriogonum, Hemizonia, Iva, Lotus, Lupinus, Monardella, Oenothera, Polygonum, Salvia, Sisymbrium, Trifolium, and others. |
Elevation | 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.) | 200–2500 m. (700–8200 ft.) |
Distribution |
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
|
CA; CO; ID; NV; OR; UT; WA; WY
|
Discussion | Cuscuta occidentalis has been treated as C. californica var. breviflora, in which T. Beliz (1993) also included C. brachycalyx and C. suksdorfii. Cuscuta occidentalis differs from C. californica by its sessile or subsessile flowers, saccate corolla tube, relatively short anthers, relatively short styles, and translucent capsules that are completely enveloped by withered corollas (M. Costea and S. Stefanović 2009). Both C. californica and C. occidentalis are distinguished from C. suksdorfii by five-merous flowers, acute or acuminate calyx and corolla lobe apices, absence of infrastaminal scales, and capsules enclosed by withered corollas (M. Costea et al. 2006b). (Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.) |
|
Source | FNA vol. 14. | FNA vol. 14. |
Parent taxa | Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica | Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica |
Sibling taxa | ||
Synonyms | C. californica var. breviflora | |
Name authority | Engelmann in W. H. Brewer et al.: Bot. California 1: 536. (1876) | Millspaugh: Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 5: 204. (1923) |
Web links |
|