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goldenthread, inland salt-marsh dodder, salt dodder, saltmarsh dodder

Japanese dodder

Stems

orange-yellow, slender.

yellow-orange, often with purple spots, medium to coarse.

Inflorescences

loose to dense, corymbiform;

bracts at base of clusters 1, at base of pedicels 0 or 1, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, membranous, margins entire, apex acute.

spikes, racemes, or loose panicles, with 1–3(–7)-flowered cymes, flowers sessile or subsessile;

bracts at base of clusters and flowers 1(or 2), broadly ovate, membranous, margins entire, apex obtuse.

Pedicels

(0.5–)1–5 mm.

0–1 mm.

Flowers

5-merous, 2.5–4.5 mm, membranous, not papillate or corolla lobes papillate;

calyx yellow, cylindric to narrowly campanulate, equaling corolla tube length, divided 1/2 its length, not reticulate, ± glossy, lobes lance-ovate to lanceolate, bases not overlapping, margins entire, midvein not carinate, apex acute to acuminate;

corolla white, drying creamy white, 2.2–4 mm, tube cylindric-campanulate to obconic, 1.2–2 mm, not saccate, lobes spreading to reflexed, lance-oblong to lance-ovate, equaling corolla tube length, margins entire or irregular, apex acute to acuminate or cuspidate, sometimes appearing tridentate, straight;

infrastaminal scales oblong to obovate, 1–1.7 mm, 4/5 corolla tube length, bridged at 0.2–0.4 mm, rounded, uniformly densely fimbriate, fimbriae 0.1–0.3 mm;

stamens exserted at full anthesis, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0.3–0.7 mm;

anthers 0.3–0.7 × 0.2–0.5 mm;

styles uniformly filiform, 0.4–0.9 mm, shorter than ovary.

5-merous, 3–7 mm, fleshy, not papillate;

calyx creamy white, drying yellow-brown, cupulate, 1/3–1/2 corolla tube length, divided 2/3 its length, not reticulate or shiny, lobes orbiculate to ovate, bases overlapping, margins entire, not partly hyaline, midvein carinate or not, apex acute to obtuse;

corolla greenish white to pink, drying creamy yellow, 2.6–6.8 mm, tube cylindric, 2–4.3 mm, not saccate, lobes erect to spreading, ovate to ovate-triangular, 1/3–1/2 tube length, margins irregularly crenulate or entire, apex rounded to obtuse;

infrastaminal scales oblong to ovate, 1.8–2.8 mm, 1/2 to equaling corolla tube length, bridged at 0.4–0.1 mm, rounded, with dense, thin fimbriae, 0.1–0.3 mm on margins;

stamens included, shorter than corolla lobes;

filaments 0–0.1 mm;

anthers 0.6–1.1 × 0.5–0.7 mm;

styles 1, not distally 2-fid or separable, 1–1.6 mm, equaling or longer than ovary, longer than stigma;

stigmas globose, ellipsoid, ovoid, obovoid, conic, or ± cuboid, 0.1–0.6 mm.

Capsules

ellipsoid-ovoid, 1.6–2.5 × 1.7–2.4 mm, thickened and raised around relatively small interstylar aperture, not translucent, surrounded or capped by withered corolla, indehiscent.

ovoid to helmet-shaped, 4.5–5.5(–7) × 3–3.6(–5) mm, not translucent, capped by withered corolla.

Seeds

1, ± obcompressed, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 1.3–1.5 × 1.2–1.4 mm, hilum region subterminal.

1–3, broadly ellipsoid to obovoid, slightly obcompressed, 2.5–2.8 × 1.1–1.7 mm, hilum region terminal.

2n

= 30.

Cuscuta salina

Cuscuta japonica

Phenology Flowering Mar–Nov.
Habitat Hosts: Atriplex, Centromadia, Cressa, Frankenia, Jaumea, Plantago, Salicornia, Sal­sola, Suaeda, Trichostema, Wislizenia.
Elevation 0–1000 m. (0–3300 ft.)
Distribution
from FNA
AZ; CA; NV; UT; Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Sonora)
[WildflowerSearch map]
[BONAP county map]
from USDA
e Asia [Introduced in North America]
[BONAP county map]
Discussion

Varieties 2 (2 in the flora).

(Discussion copyrighted by Flora of North America; reprinted with permission.)

Key
1. Corollas 3–5 mm; stigmas conic, ellipsoid, glo­bose, obovoid, or ovoid.
var. japonica
1. Corollas 4–7 mm; stigmas ± cuboid.
var. formosana
Source FNA vol. 14. FNA vol. 14.
Parent taxa Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Grammica Convolvulaceae > Cuscuta > subg. Monogynella
Sibling taxa
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. japonica, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
C. americana, C. approximata, C. azteca, C. boldinghii, C. brachycalyx, C. californica, C. campestris, C. cephalanthi, C. chinensis, C. compacta, C. coryli, C. cuspidata, C. dentatasquamata, C. denticulata, C. draconella, C. epilinum, C. epithymum, C. erosa, C. europaea, C. exaltata, C. glabrior, C. glomerata, C. gronovii, C. harperi, C. howelliana, C. indecora, C. jepsonii, C. legitima, C. leptantha, C. liliputana, C. mitriformis, C. nevadensis, C. obtusiflora, C. occidentalis, C. odontolepis, C. pacifica, C. pentagona, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. rostrata, C. runyonii, C. salina, C. squamata, C. suaveolens, C. subinclusa, C. suksdorfii, C. tuberculata, C. umbellata, C. umbrosa, C. warneri
Subordinate taxa
C. japonica var. formosana, C. japonica var. japonica
Name authority Engelmann in W. H. Brewer et al.: Bot. California 1: 536. (1876) Choisy in H. Zollinger: Syst. Verz. 2: 134. (1854)
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